Section 5: Chapter 12: Respiration Flashcards
What are the 4 stages of aerobic respiration?
Glycolysis.
Link reaction.
Krebs cycle.
Oxidative Phosphorylation.
What are the end products of glycolysis?
2 ATP mols.
2 NADH mols.
2 Pyruvate mols.
Why is glucose converted to phosphorylated glucose in glycolysis?
To make it more reactive.
Decrease activation energy.
Draw the process of glycolysis.
Look in folder or desktop.
Should go Glucose → phosphorylated glucose → 2 TP → 2 Pyruvate.
Also show ATP and NAD and no. of carbons.
Where does glycolysis take place?
Cytoplasm.
Where does the link reaction take place?
Matrix.
Where does the Krebs cycle take place?
Matrix.
Where does oxidative phosphorylation take place?
Mitochondria.
what is the name of the reaction taking place in the link reaction?
Oxidation.
What are the products of the link reaction?
Acetyl CoA
NADH
CO2
What is the name of the process that removes a carbon mol from pyruvate in the link reaction?
Decarboxylation.
What is the name of the coenzyme used in the link reaction?
NAD (it’s reduced to NADH).
Draw the link reaction.
In folder and desktop.
Pyruvate, acetyl, NAD, CO2, Acetyl CoA etc.
Draw the Krebs cycle.
In folder and desktop.
What are the products of the link reaction AND Krebs cycle?
4 NADH and 1 FADH (I think?).
1 mol of ATP.
3 mols of CO2.
REMEMBER THIS HAPPENS TWICE BECAUSE @ PYRUVATE MOLS.
Explain the process of oxidative phosphorylation. (4 steps).
1) NADH and FADH donate electrons to electron transfer chain.
2) Electrons pass along chain, giving energy to H+ for AT.
3) H+ ions go from inter-membranal space back to matrix. Down chemiosmotic gradient. Through ATP synthase.
4) O2 is final electron acceptor in mitochondrial matrix. ½ O + 2H+ + 2e- → H2O.
Draw oxidative phosphorylation.
In folder and desktop.
How are lipids used as respiratory substances?
- Hydrolysed into glycerol and fatty acids.
- Glycerol - phosphorylated to TP.
- Fatty acids - broken down to 2C - then Acetyl CoA.
- Releases more than double energy than carbs.
How are proteins used as respiratory substances?
- Hydrolysed to amino acids.
- Deamination (removing amine group).
- 3C’s are converted to pyruvate.
- 4C and 5C’s are used in Krebs cycle.
What parts of respiration cannot happen without O2?
Krebs cycle.
Electron transfer chain / oxidative phosphorylation.
How is glycolysis still able to work even without O2 (anaerobic respiration)?
Hydrogen immediately released so NADH can regenerate to NAD.
- Pyruvate accepts H+ from NADH.
What is pyruvate turned into in anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast?
Ethanol, CO2 and oxidised NAD.
What is pyruvate turned into in anaerobic respiration in animals?
Lactate and oxidised NAD.
Why is anaerobic respiration advantageous to animals?
- Babies and baby mammals can survive in water straight after birth.
- In muscles to allow strenuous exercise.
