Section 4.1 Flashcards
Presidency of George Washington:
Who did the Electoral College unanimously elect as president in 1789 and 1792?
Electoral College elected Washington unanimously as president in 1789 and 1792
Presidency of George Washington:
James Madison had the next highest vote making him what? What was Hamilton and Jefferson secretary’s of?
John Adams had next highest vote total, was Vice President; Hamilton was Secretary of the Treasury and Jefferson was Secretary of State
Presidency of George Washington:
Washington took the oath of office April 30, 1789… where?
Washington took the oath of office April 30, 1789 in New York City.
Presidency of George Washington:
What was George Washington considered during his Presidency?
An able administrator, an excellent delegator and judge of talent and character.
Presidency of George Washington:
What was George Washington not a member of? Why? What did he fear?
Was not a member of a political party and hoped they would not be formed because he feared they would undermine republicanism.
The Whiskey Rebellion:
What was applied in 1791 by Hamilton and what was it for?
A tax on whiskey was applied in 1791 by Hamilton to increase central government power and to fund the war debt from the Revolution.
The Whiskey Rebellion:
In western PA, protesters used what to prevent federal officials from doing what?
In western PA, protesters used violence and intimidation to prevent federal officials from collecting the tax.
The Whiskey Rebellion:
July 1794, a U.S. marshal arrived to serve notice to who? causing 500 armed men to do what?
July 1794, a U.S. marshal arrived to serve notice to distillers who had not paid the tax; more than 500 armed men attacked the home of the tax inspector.
The Whiskey Rebellion:
Why did Washington send peace commissioners to western PA?
Washington sent peace commissioners to western PA to negotiate with the rebels, while at the same time calling on governors to send a militia to enforce the tax.
The Whiskey Rebellion:
Who did Washington ride with 13,000 militia to fight? butttttttt…..they went home before the army arrived so what happened?
Washington rode to fight the rebels with 13,000 militia, but they went home before the army arrived; about 20 men arrested, but all were later acquitted or pardoned.
The Whiskey Rebellion:
First time under the new Constitution federal government used what? and what for?
First time under the new Constitution federal government used strong military force to exert authority over the states and citizens
Washington’s Farewell Address: September 19, 1796:
Washington’s Farewell Address (a public letter) was what?
Washington’s Farewell Address (a public letter) was a statement of republicanism.
Washington’s Farewell Address: September 19, 1796:
What were some factors of Washington’s farewell address?
Necessity and importance of national union, the value of the Constitution the rule of law, the evils of political parties, and proper virtues of a republican people.
Washington’s Farewell Address: September 19, 1796:
What 3 factors did his farewell address warn against?
— Warned against foreign influence in domestic affairs
— Warned against bitter partisanship in domestic
politics
— Warned against involvement in European wars and long-term “entangling” alliances
John Adams:
Adams became what by winning 34 Electoral votes; and was reelected in 1792?
Adams became vice-president by winning 34 Electoral votes; reelected V-P in 1792
John Adams:
Joined what Party? but never got along with who?
Joined Federalist Party but never got along with Alexander Hamilton.
John Adams:
Who chose Adams to defeat Jefferson in 1796 but most preferred Hamilton
Federalists chose Adams to defeat Jefferson in 1796 but most preferred Hamilton.
John Adams:
Adams was too what to follow their directions?
Adams was too opinionated, unpredictable, and stubborn to follow their directions.
John Adams:
Jefferson and Aaron Burr of New York on the what?
Jefferson and Aaron Burr of New York on the Democratic-Republican ticket.
John Adams: JUST REMEMBER THIS
Adams won the election 71- 68 electoral votes; Jefferson became vice president
Adams won the election 71- 68 electoral votes; Jefferson became vice president
Quasi-War and peace with France:
Adams’ term was marked by what?
Adams’ term was marked by a desire to stay out of the expanding conflict in Europe
Quasi-War and peace with France:
who were at war? Federalists favored who?, Jefferson favored who?
Britain and France at war; Federalists favored Britain, Jefferson favored France
Quasi-War and peace with France:
Adams needed to continue Washington’s policy of what?
Adams needed to continue Washington’s policy of staying out of the European war
Quasi-War and peace with France:
Americans remained pro-who due to their assistance during the Revolution?
Americans remained pro-French due to France’s assistance during the Revolution
Quasi-War and peace with France:
what changed American attitudes towards France?
The XYZ Affair changed American attitudes towards France.
Quasi-War and peace with France:
France demanded what before American ambassadors would even be allowed to talk to French officials to discuss what?
France demanded huge bribes before American ambassadors would even be allowed to talk to French officials to discuss a treaty between the two
Quasi-War and peace with France:
How did the Americans feel about France now? What did they begin to demand?
Americans outraged at this insult and began to demand war against France
Quasi-War and peace with France:
What was the Quasi-War?
The Quasi-War: Undeclared naval war between the U.S. and France
Quasi-War and peace with France:
How did Adams feel about the Americans vs the French?
Adams knew America could not win a war with France;
Quasi-War and peace with France:
1798: What were the Americans in danger of?
1798: Danger of invasion from the much larger and more powerful French
Quasi-War and peace with France:
What did Adams do with the threat of war? Who was really in charge of the military?
Adams built up the army and Navy, brought back an elderly Washington to lead the army; Hamilton was really in charge of the military.
Quasi-War and peace with France:
What caused Conflict between Adams and Hamilton supporters?
Conflict between Adams and Hamilton supporters who acted like Hamilton was the president
Quasi-War and peace with France:
Americans were alarmed by Hamilton’s what?
Americans alarmed by Hamilton’s large standing army
Quasi-War and peace with France:
What did Adams do that stunned the country? what happened in effect of this?
1800: Adams stunned the country by signing treaty with Napoleon ending the Quasi-War; he avoided war, disbanded the army, but deeply split his own party
Alien and Sedition Acts: PT1
What did some D-Rs refuse to enforce in some states and what did they threaten? what did some Federalists threaten to send in? Calls for secession did what?
Democratic-Republicans had supported France; when D-Rs in some states refused to enforce federal laws, and even threatened possible rebellion, some Federalists threatened to send in the army; calls for secession increased
Alien and Sedition Acts: PT2
What did Federalists believe it was caused by?
Federalists saw this as caused by French-sympathizing immigrants
Alien and Sedition Acts:
What highly controversial Act was passed by congress and signed by Adams in 1798?
Congress passed the highly controversial Alien and Sedition Acts; signed by Adams in 1798
Alien and Sedition Acts:
Under the Alien and Sedition Act what was the president allowed to do? What was considered a crime to publish?
President allowed to deport any foreigner he thought dangerous to the country; crime to publish “false, scandalous, and malicious writing” against the government
or its officials
Alien and Sedition Acts:
High-profile prosecution of who.. by the Federalists? (only 10 convictions, no deportation orders)
High-profile prosecution of some newspaper editors and one member of Congress by the Federalists (only 10 convictions, no deportation orders)
Alien and Sedition Acts:
What did many aliens do voluntarily? Atmosphere where opposing the Federalists, even on the floor of what? could and did result in what?
Many aliens left country voluntarily; atmosphere where opposing the Federalists, even on the floor of Congress, could and did result in prosecution
Election of 1800:
What happened in the Electoral College when Adams and Pinkey ran against Jefferson and Burr? Who decided that Adams lost 65-73.
Adams and Pinkney ran against Jefferson and Burr; Jefferson and Burr tied in Electoral College; decided by House of Representatives Adams lost 65 - 73
Election of 1800:
What did Hamilton convince Federalists?
Hamilton convinced Federalists Jefferson would be lesser political evil than Burr
Election of 1800:
House elected who as president and who as vice-president?
February 17, 1801 House elected Jefferson President and Burr Vice-President
Election of 1800:
What ( 4 things) caused Adams to lose the election?
Adams defeated by better organization, Federalist disunity, controversy of the Alien and Sedition Acts, popularity of Jefferson in the south
Election of 1800:
Who did Jefferson ultimately owe his election victory to? who did it count?
Ultimately Jefferson owed his election victory to the South’s inflated number of Electors, which counted slaves under the three-fifths compromise
