Chapter 3.1

Question 1

Philadelphia May 10, 1775 what was held and who was there?

Answer 1

Second Continental Congress; all 13 colonies represented. NO well-defined call for inde­pendence: Loyalty to the empire was deeply ingrained.

Question 2

What was the single most important action involving George Washington?

Answer 2

To select George Washington leader of the improvised army (age 43); outstanding leadership and strong character; a symbol and rallying point

Question 3

Why did Prudence suggested a commander from Virginia?

Answer 3

because of distrust of large NE militia

Question 4

What was the American contradiction?

Answer 4

affirming loyalty to England and desire to solve problems; raising armies and shooting His Majesty’s soldiers: war of inconsistency from April 1775 to July 1776

Question 5

On May 1775: tiny force under which 2 people? and what did they do?

Answer 5

Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold capture Fort

Ticonderoga; gunpowder and artillery secured

Question 6

What did colonists seize on June 1775? What happened?

Answer 6

Bunker Hill (Breed’s Hill); British launched frontal attack against strongly entrenched Americans; British slaughtered; Colonists gunpowder ran out and retreated

Question 7

What happened following bunker hill?

Answer 7

August 1775 King George III proclaimed the colonies in

rebellion; Hired thousands of German mercenary troops (Hessian’s)

Question 8

What did Richard Henry Lee of Virginia move (say?) during the 2nd Continental Congress: June 7, 1776?

Answer 8

Richard Henry Lee of Virginia moved that “These United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states” [ dude basically said that the colonies have a right to become free and Independent states]

Question 9

What 5 men were on the “Declaration Committee” on June 11?

Answer 9

Thomas Jefferson of VA, Roger Sherman of CT, Benjamin Franklin of PA, Robert Livingston of NY, John Adams of Mass

Question 10

Draft fell to Jefferson; 31-year-old lawyer; After considerable debate, motion was adopted and what was approved by congress on July 2, 1776? What were the colonists now accused of?

Answer 10

The Declaration of Independence. Colonists accused of committing treason. For those who don’t know: (the crime of betraying one’s country, especially by attempting to kill the sovereign or overthrow the government)

Question 11

What was War of Independence?

Answer 11

Civil war between two factions of Americans as well as a war between Americans and the British

Question 12

What is another name for the American Rebels? Who did they fight and what were they called?

Answer 12

Patriots or Whigs. fought Americans loyal to the king,

called “Tories”; Revolution was a minority movement; many colonists apathetic or neutral

Question 13

What are Loyalists? and what percent of Americans were loyalists?

Answer 13

People who stay true to the king. Only 15% of the American people remained loyal.

Question 14

What happened to a lot of the loyalists?

Answer 14

About 80,000 Loyalists were driven out or fled the country; estates confiscated.

Question 15

How did the British attempt to win the war?

Answer 15

with overpowering force of men and cannon in a land that was not made for it;

Question 16

How did the Americans fight to win the war?

Answer 16

Americans fought a guerrilla war until trained to fight conventional battles.

Question 17

What was wrong with the british tactics?

Answer 17

British not aggressive enough, made many mistakes and lost opportunities.

Question 18

What did Washington finally realized ?

Answer 18

THAT ALL HE NEEDED TO DO WAS KEEP HIS ARMY INTACT. All them niggas had to do was not lose until British gave up /and or French helped.

Question 19

October 17, 1777: American general Horatio Gates won what? Proved and convinced what?

Answer 19

vital Battle of Saratoga; proved Americans could win a big battle and convinced France to support the Americans;( France eager for revenge against England, [not American Independence])

Question 20

What did France do for the Americans?

Answer 20

provided them with life-saving supplies of firearms; (90 percent of gunpowder used by Americans in first 2.5 years came from French.)

Question 21

1778 to 1783, France provided …?

Answer 21

Guns, money, ½ America’s armed forces; almost all navy

Question 22

1778 war - 1779 war- America became secondary for what?

Answer 22

Britain and France to war 1778; Spain and Holland against Britain in 1779; America became secondary for a Britain struggling for its very life in Europe

Question 23

What was overrun in 1778-1779 and what fell to the British in 1780?

Answer 23

Georgia ruthlessly overrun in 1778-1779. Charleston, South Carolina, fell to British in 1780.

Question 24

What did Benedict Arnold do? WHY?

Answer 24

Became a Traitor. He was ambitious; felt unappreciated; sold out defense plans to West Point fort but detected at the last minute

Question 25

1780-1781: Despair prevailed.. why?

Answer 25

Government virtually bankrupt; sense of unity withered; mutinous sentiments infected the army

Question 26

What caused Warfare intensified in the Carolina’s?

Answer 26

Patriots bitterly fought their Loyalist neighbors; prisoners on both sides were butchered in cold blood.

Question 27

What happened after futile operations in Virginia?

Answer 27

British General Cornwallis fell back to Yorktown, VA to await seaborne supplies and reinforcements, assuming Britain would continue to control the sea.

Question 28

French Admiral de Grasse, with a powerful fleet in the West Indies, did what?

Answer 28

sent word to the Americans that he was free to join with them in an assault on Cornwallis at Yorktown.

Question 29

Who marched 300 miles to Yorktown including 6,000 French troops? Who was with him and what happened?

Answer 29

Washington. Wash­ington attacked the British by land, while de Grasse beat the British fleet there and blockaded Cornwallis from the sea, cutting off his escape.

Question 30

What did Cornwallis surrender in October 19, 1781 and what did France provide?

Answer 30

Cornwallis surrendered his force of 7000 men October 19, 1781; France provided all seapower and half of the regular troops

Question 31

Britain still had 32,000 men in America; Fighting continued for more than a year (Patriot-Loyalist warfare in the South)

Answer 31

Britain still had 32,000 men in America; Fighting continued for more than a year (Patriot-Loyalist warfare in the South) JUST REMEMBER THIS

Question 32

1783 Treaty of Paris:

Answer 32

British formally recognized U.S. independence