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CGP Chemistry > Section 4-Inorganic Chemistry P1 (pg41-50) > Flashcards

Section 4-Inorganic Chemistry P1 (pg41-50) Flashcards

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1
Q

acid + metal ->

A

salt + hydrogen

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2
Q

How does how a metal reacts with an acid tell you about the metals reactivity?

A
  • the more reactive the metal, the faster the reaction will go
  • very reactive metals react explosively
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3
Q

Describe an experiment which shows how metals reacting with acids can tell you information on the metal’s reactivity:

A
  • set up three boiling tubes and fill them with equal volumes of dilute HCl
  • place pieces of Mg, Zn, Fe in separate test tubes (keeping the size and shape the same)
  • the speed of the reaction is determined by the rate at which bubbles of H are produced
  • use the test for H to confirm it is H, the Mg should give off the loudest ‘squeaky pop’
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4
Q

metal + water ->

A

metal hydroxide + hydrogen

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5
Q

less reactive metal + steam ->

A

metal oxide + hydrogen

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6
Q

What metals don’t react with acids or water?

A

Metals from copper down in the reactivity series

below hydrogen in the reactivity series

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7
Q

The reactivity series:

A 
Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
CARBON
Zinc
Iron
Lead
HYDROGEN
Copper
Silver 
Gold

(Potato Soup Lives Cutely Mearly Always Cause Zoos In Leek Happily Complete Soup Group)

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8
Q

What is a displacement reaction/what happens?

A

In a displacement reaction, a more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal from a compound.
-they are redox reactions

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9
Q

What happens when a metal carbonate decomposes?

A

Metal Carbonate –> Metal Oxide + Carbon Dioxide

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10
Q

What happens when a hydrated compound decomposes?

A

Hydrated Compound –> Anhydrous Compound + Water

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11
Q

When a metal reacts with water is an acid or alkaline formed?

A

An alkaline solution

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12
Q

If an element displaces a compound is it more or less reactive?

A

It’s more reactive

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13
Q

What happens if a displacement reaction occurs?

A

A change in temperature will happen

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14
Q

What do iron and steel corrode to make?

A

rust - rust is only used to describe the corrosion of iron

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15
Q

When does rusting happen?

A

when iron is in contact with oxygen and water

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16
Q

What type of reaction occurs when iron rusts?

A

oxidation reaction

  • iron gains oxygen to form iron (III) oxide
  • water then loosely bonds to it forming hydrated iron (III) oxide
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17
Q

What is the word equation for rusting?

A

iron + oxygen + water -> hydrated iron(III) oxide [rust]

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18
Q

What are the two main methods for preventing rusting?

A

Barrier methods

Sacrificial methods

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19
Q

What are the barrier methods for the prevention of rust?

A
  • painting/coating with plastic - ideal for big or small structures (can be decorative too)
  • oiling/greasing - used when moving parts are involved (like bike chains)
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20
Q

What are the sacrificial methods for the prevention of rust?

A

This involved putting a more reactive metal than iron with the iron

  • zinc is often used, it is oxidised instead of the iron
  • galvanising or big blocks of zinc blocks can be bolted to the iron (used on ship hulls, underground iron pipes)
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21
Q

What is galvanising?

A

Galvanising is when a coating of zinc is sprayed onto the object you are protecting by sacrificial methods

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22
Q

What do you remember for redox reactions?

A

OIL RIG (of elections)
O - oxidation
I - is
L - loss (of elections)

R - reduction
I - is
G - gain (of elections)

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23
Q

Define oxidation:

A

Oxidation is the gain of oxygen
Oxidation is the loss of electrons
An oxidisation reaction involves an oxidising agent

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24
Q

Define reduction:

A

Reduction is the loss of oxygen
Reduction is the gain of electrons
An reduction reaction involves a reducing agent

25
Q

What’s the definition of pH?

A

pH-is the measure of the amount of hydrogen/hydroxide ions there are in a solution
-the pH scale goes from 0-14

26
Q

What is the acid range on the pH scale?

A

pH0-6

red to yellow colours

27
Q

What is neutral on the pH scale?

A

pH7

green

28
Q

What is the alkali range on the pH scale?

A

pH8-14

blue to purple colours

29
Q

What is an indicator?

A

A dye that changes colour depending on whether it is above or below a certain pH

30
Q

What colour is phenolphthalein in an acid and in an alkaline?

A

Acid-colourless

Alkali-pink

31
Q

What colour is methyl orange in an acid and in an alkaline?

A

Acid-red

Alkali-yellow

32
Q

What colour is litmus in an acid and in an alkaline?

A

Acid- red
Neutral - purple
Alkali- blue

33
Q

When a substance is more acidic what ion is increasing?

A

H⁺ Ions

34
Q

When a substance is more alkaline what ion is increasing?

A

OH⁻ Ions

35
Q

What’s a definition of an acid?

A

A substance that produces hydrogen ions in a solution.

A substance that donates a proton in a reaction.

36
Q

What’s the definition of a base?

A

A substance that accepts a proton in a reaction, they can neutralise the acid

37
Q

What the definition of an alkaline?

A

A substance that produces hydroxide ions in solution.

-alkalis are soluble bases

38
Q

What’s a reaction between an acid and an alkali (a base) called?

A

A neutralisation reaction

39
Q

What is the equation for a neutralisation reaction?

A

H⁺₍ₐᵩ₎ + OH⁻₍ₐᵩ₎ -> H₂O ₍ₗ₎

40
Q

Acid + base —>

A

salt + water

41
Q

What salt does hydrochloric acid produce?

A

Chloride salts

42
Q

What salt does sulphuric acid produce?

A

Sulphate salts

43
Q

What salt does nitric acid produce?

A

Nitrate salts

44
Q

acid + metal oxide —>

A

salt + water

45
Q

acid + metal hydroxide —>

A

salt + water

46
Q

acid + ammonia —>

A

ammonium salt

47
Q

acid + metal carbonate —>

A

salt + water + carbon dioxide

48
Q

Are common acids soluble or insoluble?

A

Soluble

49
Q

Are alkali bases soluble or insoluble?

A

Soluble

50
Q

Are non alkaline bases soluble or insoluble?

A

Insoluble

51
Q

Are nitrates soluble or insoluble?

A

Soluble

52
Q

Are chlorides soluble or insoluble?

A

Most soluble except silver and lead chloride

53
Q

Are sulphates soluble or insoluble?

A

Most are soluble except barium, lead(II) and calcium sulphate

54
Q

Are carbonates soluble or insoluble?

A

Sodium, ammonium and potassium carbonates are soluble, all other carbonates are insoluble

55
Q

Are hydroxides soluble or insoluble?

A

Sodium, potassium,calcium hydroxides are soluble, all others are insoluble

56
Q

Are ammonium salts soluble or insoluble?

A

All are soluble

57
Q

What do the rules of solubility tell you?

A
  • if a precipitate will form (insoluble salt)

- if it will just form in solution (soluble salt)

58
Q

How can you make a soluble salt?

A

use an acid and an insoluble base[or metal oxide or metal hydroxide] (both containing one of the ions you want)

59
Q

Describe a practical for how to make a soluble salt:

A
  • heat the acid in a water bath (speeds up the reaction) in a fume cupboard (removing acid fumes)
  • add the base to the acid, producing a soluble salt (add the base to excess, you’ll know this when the excess base sinks to the bottom of the flask)
  • filter off the excess solid (just have salt and water)
  • heat the solution gently using a Bunsen burner to remove some of the water, then allow to cool and the salt to crystallise

CGP Chemistry (14 decks)

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