Section 4 Hardware and Software Flashcards

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1
Q

what is hardware ?

A

a germ used to describe electrical or electro mechanical parts of a computer and its input , output and storage devices

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2
Q

what is software ?

A

all of the programs taht are written to make a computer function

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3
Q

what is system software ?

A

software needed to run the computers hardware and application programs.
this includes the operating system , utlity programs, libaries and programming langyuage translators

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4
Q

what is an operting system?

A

an operating system is a set of programs that lies between application software and the computernhardware. PROVIDES A USER INTERFACE

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5
Q

what are utility programs ?

A

utility software is system software designed to potmise the performance of the computer or perform tasks such as backing up files , restoring corrupted files from back up

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6
Q

what is disk defragmentation?

A

a program that will reorgranise a hard disk so that files which have been split up into blocks and stored all over the disk will be recombined in a single series of sequential blocks

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7
Q

what is a libary program ?

A

ready compiled programs which can be run when needed

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8
Q

what are the 3 translators ?

A

compiler
interpreter
assembler

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9
Q

what is application software ?

A

programs that perform specific user oriented tasks

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10
Q

what is general prupose software ?

A

softaware that can be used for many different purposes e.g. word , spreadsheets

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11
Q

what is special purpose software ?

A

software that perfroms a single specific task or set of tasks e.g. hotel booking systems

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12
Q

what are the functions of an operating system ?

A

memory management
processor scheduling
backing store management
input / output management

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13
Q

what is memory managment ?

A

this is the process of the cpu deciding how much of the rams storage an instruction / task will require to perform it efficiently

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14
Q

what is processor scheduling?

A

this is when the schedueler alocates when each instruction needs to be executed by the cpu`

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15
Q

what is multi tasking ?

A

this is when the cpu is able to performmore than 1 instruction at a time
the more cores a cpu has the instructions it is able to do at the same time

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16
Q

what is backing store management?

A

this is when a copy of data is created and stored in a seperate storage location so that if gthe original data is lost or corrupted you have a back up copy

17
Q

what is peripheral management ?

A

this is when the software is able to see what the user inputs with the peripherials and then show a result/ action on the users screen

18
Q

what is a machine code ?

A

this is a low levek programming language that is made up of the operand and opcode

19
Q

what is a low level programming language ?

A

a language that a computer is able to run staright away without the need of translating it

20
Q

what is assembly lahnguage?

A

this is a low level language converted by an assembler

21
Q

what is a high level programming language ?

A

a language that uses human like lamguage which makes ir easier for programers to write code in

22
Q

what is an imperative high level language ?

A

a language where the instruction is basically a comand to perform some step in the program , which consists of the step by step instruction needed to complete the task

23
Q

what is an assembler?

A

something that translates assembley language into the equivelent machine code

24
Q

what is the input to the assembler is called ?

A

the source code

25
Q

what is the output of an assembler code called ?

A

object code

26
Q

what is a complier ?

A

a program that translates a high level language into machine code

27
Q

what is an interpreter?

A

a different type of programming language translator

28
Q

what is byte code ?

A

a set of instructions designed to efficiently execute a software interpreter

29
Q

advantages and uses of a compiler and interpreter

A
  • the object code can be saved on disk and run whenever required without ythe need to recompile
  • the object code executes faster than interpreted code
  • the object code produced by a complier can be distributd and executed wtihout having to have compiler present
30
Q

what are all of the logic gates ?

A
NOT 
AND 
OR
NAND
NOR
XOR
31
Q

what is demorgans first law ?

A

____ __ __

A + B = A * B

32
Q

what is demorgans second law ?

A

____ _ _

A * B = A + B

33
Q

GENERAL RULSE OF BOOLEAN ALGEBRA

A
X * 0 = 0
X * 1 = X
X * X = X
      _
X * X = 0
X + 0 = X
X + 1 = 1
X + X = X
       _
X + X = 1