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Personal Psychology > Section 4 > Flashcards

Section 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Perception

A

How we experience objects external to ourselves

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2
Q

Sensation

A

How we experience our internal experiences with objects

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3
Q

What are the five senses lol

A

Sight, touch, taste, smell, and hearing

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4
Q

What do some people claim we have?

A

ESP, extra sensory perception (an extra sense)

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5
Q

What is the most important sense?

A

Vision, as an animal with bad eyesight will not survive very long

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6
Q

Cornea

A

The transparent covering at the front of the eye

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7
Q

Pupil

A

The dark centre of the eye; surrounded by the iris

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8
Q

Lens

A

Located right behind the iris responsible for focusing images

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9
Q

Retina

A

A complex layer of cells along the back of the eye

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10
Q

Photoreceptors

A

Specialized cells in the retina responsible for changing light signals into neutral signals that can be read by the brain

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11
Q

Rods

A

Photoreceptors located around the edge of the retina, responsible for dealing with dim light

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12
Q

Cones

A

Photoreceptors concentrated in the centre of the retina, dealing with colours

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13
Q

Optic nerve

A

All the tails of the ganglion cells bundled

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14
Q

Blind spot

A

The spot in a person’s general area of vision where there is no sight possible

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15
Q

What is the order in which the parts of the eye receive information?

A

Cornea>pupil>lens>retina>photoreceptors>bipolar cells>ganglion cells>optic nerve>brain

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16
Q

What are the nanometers of light waves that humans can see?

A

360 nm to 760 nm

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17
Q

Wavelength

A

The distance between one peak and the next

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18
Q

Colours are different in what way?

A

The wavelengths vary

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19
Q

Which chromosome is colourblindness carried on?

A

The X chromosome, making it more common in men

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20
Q

What is monochromatism?

A

Colourblindness where they can only see in black, grey, and white

  • 10 million people suffer from this type
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21
Q

What is protanopia

A

Perceives blue and yellow, and shades vary to watery with grey, no others recognized in between

  • one person of males, and 0.02 percent of females have this
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22
Q

What is deuteranopia

A

Grey is seen where it shouldn’t be seen—at 498 nm rather than 492 nm

  • affects one percent males, 0.01 percent females
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23
Q

What is Tritanopia

A

Extremely rare, individuals experience green at lover wavelengths, grey at 570 nm, and red at higher wave lengths—no colours in between

  • affects 0.002 percent males, 0.001 females
24
Q

Primary colours

A

Red, yellow, and blue; used to make secondary colours

25
Secondary colours
Created from two primaries
26
Tertiaries (immediate)
Created with one primary and one secondary
27
Complimentary colours
Colours opposite of each other on the colour wheel
28
Tint
White + colour
29
Shad3
Black + colour
30
Monochromatic
A composition created using varying hues of the same colour
31
Cool colours
Green, blue, and purple Calming
32
Warm colours
Red, orange, yellow Evoke activity
33
Who discovered that a ray of light has all colours of the rainbow in it?
Isaac Newton, with a prism Called it a spectrum
34
What can affect colour
Weather and lighting situations
35
Critical periods
Times in development when certain skills must be acquired or they will never appear (this can also affect vision)
36
Why do optical illusions occur?
Because the brain confuses the information sent to it and makes us perceive that we are seeing something we aren’t
37
Those with hearing loss often feel isolated when talking with others because of what?
Because hearing is extremely important in spoken information
38
Pinna
The outer shell of the ear
39
Cochlea
A fluid-filled tube; primary organ for hearing
40
In what order does the ear receive sound waves?
Pinna>tympanic membrane (eardrum)>hammer, anvil, and stirrup>cochlea>teeny hairs>auditory nerve>brain
41
Frequency
Measures the amount of cycles a wave (light or sound) travels in a given time -measured in Hertz (Hz), sharp, high sounds have a higher frequency
42
Amplitude
Measured by the distance between the top height of the wave and the very bottom of the wave (for sound or light)
43
Auditory cortex
The part of the brain that receives and translates auditory information
44
What are the two senses in humans that respond to chemical properties?
Taste and smell
45
How is the tongue designed?
To taste bitter, sweet, sorry, and salty flavours
46
How do we taste?
The receptors on our tongues start to produce electrical impulses when they come in contact with the various chemicals in food; these are relayed to the brain
47
What sense do we know the least about?
Smell
48
Pheromones
Undetectable chemical scents released by the bodies of humans and animals
49
What is the cutaneous sense?
The sense of touch
50
Placebo
A pill, treatment, or potion that doesn’t affect the body in any way, although the person taking it believed it will have a medical effect
51
Pain is dependent on two things: what are they?
Physical pain perception and mental perception
52
How can cultural differences affect pain response?
In cultures where showing you’re in pain isn’t socially acceptable, individuals will hide their pain. In cultures where showing pain is acceptable, the reaction is more extreme
53
Phantom limbs
A phenomenon where pain supposedly occurs in a limb that has been amputated
54
Attention
Our ability to go into a state of focused awareness, therefore readying our bodies to respond to what we’re focusing on
55
Is multitasking an accurate way of describing doing two things at once?
No, because your brain shifts from each activity, and you will never be able to do them as well as if you were doing them alone
56
Sensory overload
Too much information coming into one’s senses
57
What has happened in sensory deprivation studies?
Subject’s brain waves have slowed, some experienced hallucinations, and many dropped out of the experiment after a few days Their perceptions were distorted, and took several hours to return to normal

Personal Psychology (4 decks)

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