Section 3 Flashcards
What is the whole debate about nature vs nurture?
- psychologists debate whether environment or heredity influence a personality the most
Genetics
The study of heredity (flourished in 1900s)
What does DNA stand for, and where can it be found?
Deoxyribonucleic acid, found in nucleus
Genotype
A structure of genes inherited by an organism from its parents; 1/2 from its mother, 1/2 from its father
Chromosomes
Long threadlike structures contained in nuclei of all cells, except for reproductive cells
What does each chromosome contain?
A double-strangled coil of DNA, which chemical control every activity of the cells in which they exist
What does RNA stand for? Where is it found?
Ribonucleic acid, found in nucleus
Have many chromosomes do reproductive cells contain?
23; this is called reproductive cell division; when the sperm and egg meet they combine to create 46
Identify each length of chromosome:
X
Y
X—long chromosome (female)
Y—short chromosome (male)
Occasionally a new child will gain an extra chromosome; what occurs?
Down syndrome
What are the three types of Down syndromes?
- Trisomy 21
- Translocation
- Mosaicism
What is a dominant gene?
A gene that dominates when paired with a recessive gene
EX) brown is dominant to blue;
Approximately how many genes exist for every cell of the human body?
30,000-100,000
What plays an important role in memory?
RNA
Eugenics
The science that deals with methods for improving the heredity qualities of a species
Maturation
The process of physical growth and development of an organism over a period of time
Due to heredity, different species have different rates of what?
Maturation
Maturation studies have most often been done with whom?
Identical twins
Gesell’s Maturation Theory
Arnold Gesell believes that child development and everything it includes is entirely predetermined by genetics
Rousseau’s Nativism
Jean Jacques Rousseau believed that humans are born completely good and that society inspires evil in them
Jean Itard was persuaded to look after and examine whom?
Victor, the “Wild Boy of Aveyron”
Development is dependent on ______
Development is dependent on ENVIRONMENT
Malnourished children (particularly under 4) are in danger of what?
Alterations in the brain and lower intelligence scores that may never be corrected
What is our “direct context” social environment?
Family, friends, work, and school associates
What is our “indirect contact” environment?
Radio, television, newspapers, books, and our imagination
What is the rubber band hypothesis?
States that genetics provide people with potential for intelligence
- each person is born with a different sized rubber band; the environment determines whether this band will be stretched to full length or remain the original size
The notion of pure environmental influence
The opposite of pure genetic influence (those who believe this notion also believe the environment is solely responsible for how we look and act)
Locke’s Tabula Rasa
John Locke believed children were born with a blank slate with equal potential; completely convinced of the nurture concept on human behaviour
What’s the experiment of Albert and the white rat?
Albert was exposed to a variety of objects, but whenever he reached to pet the ret, John Watson (psychologist) made a loud , startling noise, thus conditioning Albert to eventually cry every time he saw the white rat, or similar objects
What is the interactional view?
The belief that both genetics and environment shape a person’s identity
