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Christianity > Section 3: Sources Of Wisdom/Authority > Flashcards

Section 3: Sources Of Wisdom/Authority Flashcards

1
Q

Different types of SOAs

A
  • The Church and its leaders (this has been questioned due to differences in denominations)
  • Prayers to God for advice
  • Reason and conscience
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2
Q

About the Bible

A
  • considered to have Unity as the word of God
  • contents finalised by Church Council
  • Testament comes from testimony (what people tell others)
  • OT is part of Jewish scripture as well
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3
Q

Old Testament Books (before Jesus)

A
  • Books of the Law -> teach about God’s relationships and covenants with humanity + rules he gave them to live by (10 Cs)
  • Books of History -> Jewish people and their relationship with god
  • Books about prophets + what God told them to tell his people
  • Books of other writing containing advice or poetry
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4
Q

New Testament Books (life of Jesus)

A
  • Gospels
  • Letters -> teachings of early Christians (eg. Paul to the Corinthians)
  • Acts of the Apostles -> Jesus’ disciples after his ascension
  • Book of Revelation -> accounts of visions of Jesus’ second coming
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5
Q

Canon

A

Books all Christians agree on

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6
Q

Apocrypha

A

Some books not included by some Christians

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7
Q

State 3 facts about the Old Testament

A
  • it is about the time before Jesus
  • is a part of Jewish scripture
  • contains Books of Law and Books of History
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8
Q

State 3 beliefs about the Old Testament

A
  • Jesus was inspired by it
  • that the Book of Prophets is about what God told them to do
  • provides important context for the teachings of Jesus in the NT
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9
Q

State 3 facts about the New Testament

A
  • church councils finalised the Bible in the 4th century
  • it’s about events surrounding Jesus’ birth and after
  • served as a guide for Christian faith and practice
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10
Q

State 3 beliefs about the New Testament

A
  • ## inspired by the word of God
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11
Q

Different interpretations of the Authority of the Bible

A
  • Literalists: interpret Bible literally eg. The Creation Story
  • Non-literalists: Bible is inspired by God + God guided the authors
    -> Timothy - ‘all scripture is inspired by God’
    -> Dei verbum - scripture is inspired by the Holy Spirit and so it is what God wanted written
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12
Q

Consequences of interpretations of the Bible

A
  • words inspired by God can be interpreted in many ways
  • some believe parts influenced by God + some in humans
  • some Christians won’t believe all of it but still follow the teachings of
  • some believe some parts have more authority than others (gospels)
  • letters have less authority since they are correspondence between Christians

Eg: they may be against homosexuality
Leviticus: ‘You shall not lie with a male as a woman’

Eg: women shouldn’t be ordained
Corinthians: ‘women should be silent in church’

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13
Q

How the Bible is used at home

A
  • read Bible at home -> to build relationship with God
  • study Bible with help of texts
  • host Bible study groups to deepen understanding + community
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14
Q

How the Bible is used in Church

A
  • part of worship
  • readings (to teach about God)
  • sermons (what God wants people to do)
  • so that Christians can see how Bible readings are relevant to their faith
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15
Q

Bible as a source of comfort and guidance

A
  • Christians know God cares (incarnation + sent his son)
  • offers reassurance -> ‘I will not let you be tested beyond your strength’
  • Bible shows people in difficult situations (Job)
  • guidance of how to love + make decisions -> follow Jesus’ example + 10 Cs
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16
Q

Outline 3 ways in which Christians may use the Bible

A
  • comfort and reassurance
  • learn more about the nature of God
  • learn what God wants Christians to do, how to love and make decisions
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17
Q

Use of the Bible in decision making

A
  • help with personal + ethical decision making (it is literal or inspired by the word of God)
  • follow specific instructions in the Bible (eg. Rich Man - Mark and Good Samaritan)
  • may be difficult for Christians where Bible may have ambiguous (eg. IVF)
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18
Q

Reason

A
  • God gave Christians reason so they should use it to work out right and wrong
  • St Thomas Aquinas -> reason helps make decisions even when they fall from God’s grace
  • Catholics advocate reason through Natural Law -> God has shown what is right through nature
    eg. Sex produces children - some Catholics believe contraception goes against nature
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19
Q

Problems for reason

A
  • reason is often shaped by cultural climate
    Eg. Slavery seemed reasonable to many Christians when it was common practice
    BUT reason is successful for following Commandments in the Bible
    Eg. It isn’t reasonable to murder
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20
Q

Conscience

A
  • many Christians use conscience to make decisions eg euthanasia
  • Quaker ‘conscientious objectors’ during WW2 -> conscience tells them war and violence is wrong
  • conscience is linked to instinct
  • conscience has been given by God and therefore you are always doing God’s will
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21
Q

State 3 sources which Christians may use in personal and ethical decision making

A
  • Bible
  • Church
  • Reason
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22
Q

Explain 2 reasons why Christians may use conscience to help them in decision making

A
  • because it is through it that God guides us -> catechism (god speaks to ppl through their conscience)
  • to establish between right and wrong so they can do good in life and achieve salvation -> penance
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23
Q

Jesus as the Word of God

A
  • was with God + took part in creation then came down to be a guide and link God in heaven to humans on earth
    John: ‘the word became flesh’
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24
Q

Ways you can be a disciple

A
  • prioritise Jesus first (mark: deny themselves)
  • live without worldly distractions
  • don’t give in to selfish desires
  • willing to make sacrifices for faith
25
Q

How Jesus showed love for others

A
  • miracles -> healings
  • sacrificing himself so that we can gain salvation
  • accepting of everyone -> Matthew: ‘love your enemies’
  • puts others before himself -> John: ‘no one has greater love than this’ to lay down one’s life for one’s friends’
26
Q

How Jesus showed forgiveness

A
  • Matthew: Peter asks Jesus how many times he should forgive a member of the Church and he said ‘not 7 times (..) but 77 times’
  • taught that everyone had sinned so it’s unfair to punish others
  • forgive no matter how bad the sin -> Matthew: ‘if you forgive others, your heavenly Father will also forgive you’
27
Q

How Jesus showed servanthood

A
  • healing and helping people
  • washing his disciples feet
  • submitted to God’s will by dying in the cross
  • Luke: ‘some of you who are last will be first’ -> putting yourself last will give you the biggest reward
28
Q

How Jesus showed reconciliation

A
  • brought reconciliation between God and humans -> showed it’s possible to have a relationship with God
  • Jesus’ death overcame sin which separated God from mankind
  • Jesus’ healings + teachings were for everyone not jus Jews (healed a gentile + taught a Samaritan woman)
  • showed that God wanted to grant grace for everyone
  • Romans: ‘we were reconciled to God through the death of his son’
29
Q

How Jesus showed social justice

A
  • spent time with many Jews who were deemed ‘sinners’ -> tax collectors, women, gentile
    AND Christians now hold campaigns (eg. Women’s rights)
  • commanded people to give their wealth to the poor showing that he wanted everyone in society to be provided for
30
Q

How Jesus established the Kingdom of God

A
  • his life + teachings made entering it possible
  • taught that those with worldly concerns would find it hard to enter + those who do as God’s will, will enter
31
Q

Significance of Jesus’ life for Christians today

A
  • affect attitudes
  • affect their actions
  • affect their feelings towards each other
  • shape a Christian’s faith
32
Q

Importance of the Body of Christ

A
  • helps Christians feel they are all important
  • Christians accept the diversity of the different denominations
  • helps them feel special
  • helps Christians to evangelise
33
Q

The People of God

A
  • the Jews were God’s people + Jesus was God’s Plan for the Jewish people
    -> therefore, Christians can have a relationship with God
    Corinthians: ‘they shall be my people’
    -> shows how much God cared about his relationship with humans
34
Q

Explain 2 reasons why it is helpful for Christians to refer to the Church as the Body of Christ (5)

A
  • because it helps them accept the diversity of the different denominations
    -> for instance, in Corinthians it says ‘we were all baptised into one body’
    -> this helps them to understand how we are all people of the same God despite different beliefs which prevents conflict between Christians and helps enforce reconciliation
  • also because it allows Christians to identify their own unique role within the Church
    -> just like body parts, there must be different aspects in the Church that are supported to make a healthy, functioning society
35
Q

Laity

A
  • those who aren’t ordained
  • often form the congregation -> look to priest/vicar as authority figure (discipleship)
  • some denominations (eg. Methodists) let laity lead services + preach
  • Quakers don’t have leaders

Refer to Lumen Gentium (Catholic)

36
Q

Ministers

A
  • priest = Catholic
  • vicar = Anglican
  • pastor = other Protestant denominations
  • preach + give sacraments
37
Q

Important of ministers

A
  • strengthen faith of laity/normal Christians
  • bring more members to Body of Christ
    -> Ephesians: ‘Christ himself gave the pastors to equip his people for works of service’
38
Q

Deacons

A
  • in some they are laity but ordained in others
  • if ordained, can become a priest/vicar
  • if Catholics are married they can be deacons but not ordained priests
  • can perform some sacraments but not Eucharist
39
Q

Bishops

A
  • senior position in Catholic, Orthodox and Anglican denominations
  • ordain priests and vicars
  • confirmations
  • multiple churches
40
Q

The Pope

A
  • Catholic Church
  • Bishop of Rome
  • God’s representative on Earth
  • ultimate say in Church’s position on practices
  • infallible (always right)
41
Q

Pope Francis

A
  • 266th Pope
  • environmental/poverty issues
  • building relationships with other Christians and religions
42
Q

Different ways in which the leaders support and interact with each other in different denominations

A
  • priests/vicars supports bishops
  • bishops support archbishops (Anglican) or Pope (Catholic)
  • pope and bishops support less senior members with ordinations, confirmations etc.
43
Q

Different understandings of the importance of these leaders

A
  • bishops are more important than priests as they have more authority
  • priests have a more personal connection to laity
  • some say the Bible have more authority than leaders
  • pope important as he is God’s representative on earth -> Protestants reject this as they believe it leads to less focus on God
44
Q

Jesus’ Early Life

A
  • born in Judea
  • raised as a Jew
  • age 30 moved away
  • spent 3 years teaching about God
45
Q

Stephen (the first martyr)

A
  • one of the 7 deacons chosen
  • defended the Jesus followers in front of the Jewish council
  • first person to be killed for his beliefs
46
Q

St Paul

A
  • first apostle
  • a Greek speaking Jewish concert who travelled teaching Jews and gentiles about Jesus
47
Q

Paul the Apostle

A
  • wrote to the new Christians as he travelled
  • set up churches
  • 27 books in the NT -> many written by Paul
48
Q

Constantine (Emperor of Rome)

A
  • made it legal in Rome for people to be Christian
  • made Sunday a public holiday
  • Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire
49
Q

Expanding Church

A
  • when North Africa became Muslim there was conflict over who controlled Jerusalem
  • Crusades: Pope Urban II called for Christians all over Europe to win the city back for Christians
  • The Schism: these arguments grew and the church split in 2 -> Western church became Roman Catholic and Eastern Church became Orthodox
50
Q

Roman Catholic Church

A
  • Peter is said to be the first leader in Rome
  • each Bishop of Rome afterwards was called the Pope
  • Vatican: headquarters of the Catholic Church
  • Reformation
    -> church became corrupt, Bibles printed in 1500s + made accessible to more people
    -> new ideas spread + Protestant Churches grew
    -> Catholics and Protestants fought each other
51
Q

Anglicans

A

Mixture of Catholic and Protestant

52
Q

Baptists and Methodists

A

Protestants who thought people should be old enough to choose for themselves to be Christian

53
Q

Quakers

A

A man started services to talk about the Bible and Christianity in an informal way

54
Q

Christian leaders today

A

Pope Francis
Archbishop of Canterbury - Justin Welby

55
Q

History of attitudes towards women as leaders

A
  • initially were equal
  • but when Catholic and Orthodox grew, women weren’t allowed to lead worship
56
Q

Arguments for women not being ordained

A
  • disciples were male
  • a male priest took Jesus’ place in giving the sacrament of Eucharist
  • tradition -> Catholic Church have never ordained women
  • male-only ordination appealed to Greeks + Romans where there was a male hierarchy
57
Q

Role of women today

A
  • Quakers always provide equality
  • Protestant denominations like Anglican only recently began to ordain women
  • Catholics, Orthodox and Evangelicals still don’t ordain women
    -> Genesis: ‘woman was created as a helper for man’ BUT ‘helper’ was used to describe God in the OT numerous times and so women are just as important as men
    -> women have different though equal roles BUT if they are equal to men why can’t they do the same things
58
Q

Explain 2 reasons why Christians may not allow female leaders in the Church (5)

A
  • because the Bible says they should leave it for men, for instance, Timothy says ‘I permit no woman to teach or have authority over a man’ -> this suggests men are the only acceptable teachers and therefore this must be obeyed in order to achieve salvation
  • also because there were no female apostles and all the disciples were men -> this was all coordinated by God and if God believes women should be leaders he would’ve made it so but he didn’t so we shouldn’t allow it due to God’s will

Christianity (5 decks)

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