section 3 important stuff

Question 1

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or
abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of
servitude. [*NO RACIAL DISCRIMINATION IN VOTING.]

Answer 1

15th Amendment

Question 2

The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each
state, elected by the people…. [*PEOPLE ELECTED SENATORS, INSTEAD OF STATE GOVERNMENTS APPOINTING
THEM.]
WHAT AMENDMENT?

Answer 2

• 17th Amendment

Question 3

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged
by the United States or by any state on account of sex. [*WOMEN CAN VOTE.]

Answer 3

• 19th Amendment:

Question 4

The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other
election for President or Vice President…or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not
be denied or abridged …by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax. [*BANNED POLL TAXES.]

Answer 4

• 24th Amendment:

Question 5

The right of citizens of the United States, who are 18 years of age or older, to
vote, shall not be denied…. [*BECAUSE OF VIETNAM WAR.]

Answer 5

• 26th Amendment:

Question 6

25 years old U.S citizen for 7 years

Answer 6

requirements to run for house

Question 7

30 years old citizen for 9 years

Answer 7

requirements to run for senate

Question 8

*At least
35 years
old.Natural Born’Citizen.
*Legal
Resident
14 years.

Answer 8

requirements to run for president

Question 9

PRE-ELECTIONS WITHIN EACH
POLITICAL PARTY.
*HELD IN EACH STATE.
*MOST STATES HOLD PRIMARIES.
SOME HOLD CAUCUSES INSTEAD
(= A PARTY MEETING VOTERS ATTEND TO VOTE).
*CITIZENS VOTE FOR ONLY ONE
POLITICAL PARTY ON BALLOT.
*PRIMARY ELECTIONS CAN BE ‘OPEN’ (WHERE
IT’S OPEN FOR THE VOTERS TO CHOOSE EITHER
PARTY) OR ‘CLOSED’ (VOTERS ALREADY
REGISTERED IN ONE PARTY.)
*BECAUSE MANY PEOPLE RUN FOR PRESIDENT
IN EACH PARTY, PRIMARIES & CAUCUSES LET
VOTERS CHOOSE THEIR TOP CANDIDATE WHO
THEY WANT IN THEIR POLITICAL PARTY.

Answer 9

PRIMARIES & CAUCUSES

Question 10

*NATIONAL POLITICAL
PARTY MEETINGS HELD
BY EACH POLITICAL
PARTY.
*ALL STATE POLITICAL PARTY
LEADERS GATHER TO OFFICIALLY
COUNT RESULTS FROM THE STATE
PRIMARIES & CAUCUS TO SEE WHO

WON.

*TOP CANDIDATE IS ‘NOMINATED’
TO THE NOVEMBER ELECTION
BALLOT FOR THEIR PARTY (OR
BECOMES THE ‘NOMINEE.’)

*NOMINEE CHOOSES VICE-
PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE.

*POLITICAL PARTY WRITES PLATFORM.

Answer 10

NATIONAL
CONVENTION

Question 11

*ALL POLITICAL
PARTIES ARE LISTED
ON THE GENERAL
ELECTION BALLOT.
*VOTERS CAN CHOOSE
ONE CANDIDATE IN
EACH OFFICE.
*EVERY STATE GOV.
ADMINISTERS THEIR
OWN BALLOTS, VOTING
TOTALS, VOTING LAWS,
& ELECTIONS.
*STATES TAKE SEVERAL WEEKS
TO ‘CERTIFY’ VOTE TOTALS.

Answer 11

GENERAL
ELECTION

Question 12

*PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES
MUST WIN AT LEAST 270
ELECTORAL VOTES TO BECOME
PRESIDENT.
*ELECTORAL COLLEGE SHOWS WHO
WON THE MOST STATES–NOT WHO
WON THE OVERALL POPULAR VOTE.
(SEE SLIDE 12)

Answer 12

5
ELECTORAL
COLLEGE

Question 13

PRESIDENT AND VICE-
PRESIDENT ARE SWORN

INTO OFFICE ON JAN 20TH.

Answer 13

INAUGURATION DAY

Question 14

*Candidate need to get votes from only
their political party members.
*Must appeal to only their political party.

Answer 14

FOR A CANDIDATE TO WIN THE
PRIMARIES OR CAUCUSES:

Question 15

*Must keep appeal to party members
AND appeal to Independent Voters.
*Independent Voters are large numbers
of voters = Swing Voters (swing to either
party).
*Candidates must moderate their
campaign promises and issues.

Answer 15

FOR A CANDIDATE TO WIN
THE GENERAL ELECTION:

Question 16

REPRESENTATIVES:
-Campaign & get elected in one state only.
-Senators campaign & get votes from their entire state.
-Representatives (House) are elected (usually) out of part
of their state = their congressional voting district. (*SEE
‘REAPPORTIONMENT’ & ‘REDISTRICTING’ IN UNIT 3, LESSON 14)
- Senators and Representatives may go through primaries
and caucuses depending on how many candidates run
from the same party. No National Convention needed.
-If a senate or representative candidate wins their Primary
or Caucus, then their name is nominated to November
General Election ballot.

Answer 16

CANDIDATES FOR THE SENATE AND THE HOUSE OF

Question 17

*By state laws, political parties select official
Electors in their state.
*Each State gets a total # of electors based on how
many senators and representatives are in their
state.
*The presidential candidate who WINS the
most votes in a state will get the Electors from
their political party to vote in the Electoral
College.
*Electors are pledged to vote for that
candidate who wins the popular vote in their
state = ‘Winner take All’ method. (Only Two
States split up electoral votes by
congressional voting district = ‘District
Method’.)
*Electors receive official Electoral College ballots in
December and vote.
*Ballots are mailed back to Washington, D.C.
and opened in January to be counted,
certified, and a final winner declared.
*With 538 Total Electoral Votes, candidate
needs a minimum of 270 votes to win (51%).

Answer 17

how electoral college works

Question 18

1-Congress, both Chambers separately, pass a proposed law by majority vote*. That means the House of Representatives and the Senate separately take votes on a proposed law. Proposed laws are called ‘Legislation or bills.’ Before this FINAL VOTE, The House and the Senate use Standing Committees and Conference Committees to debate & revise proposed laws.

[*Step #1 above:
*Introduction: written/given to chamber’s leader;
-leader assigns it to a permanent STANDING COMMITTEE; COMMITTEE can review/change/vote on proposed law;
-Send it to the FULL CHAMBER to debate/vote on;
-if passed by a majority vote then it goes to the 2nd Chamber & repeats same steps in 2nd Chamber;
- IF the House and Senate versions are DIFFERENT (most of time) then it goes to the temporary joint Conference Committee to find a COMPROMISE (one version); and IF Conference Committee CAN then:
-Goes back to BOTH CHAMBERS for one more FINAL VOTE,
-if passed by a MAJORITY in BOTH CHAMBERS then–]

2- Congress must send the proposed law (legislation/bills) to the President. *First Check.
3- President has two choices: sign the proposed law into an official law (President agrees); OR veto (President rejects) the law.
4- If the President signs the legislation, it becomes an official law. Then the President keeps it and enforces it.
5- If the President vetoes (rejects) the proposed law, then the President must send it back to Congress.
6- If sent back, the Congress gets one more vote to make it an official law. This vote is called the veto override vote. This means both Chambers can vote one more time to approve the legislation yet must obtain a 2/3rds vote in BOTH CHAMBERS for the proposed legislation to become an official law –without the President’s approval. *2nd Check.
7- If the 2/3rds vote is obtained in Both Chambers, then the new law is then sent back to the President and the President must keep it and enforce it.

Answer 18

how to pass a law

Question 19

1- A court case is sent to the Supreme Court based on a law passed by Congress.
2- Court can decide if the law is constitutional (legal) or unconstitutional (illegal). (*Judicial Branch’s Check on Congress.)
3- If the court says the law is unconstitutional, the Court gets rid of the law.
*Judicial Review: Judges can ‘review’ the laws in court cases to (1) get rid of those laws (strike down laws that are unconstitutional); or (2) rewrite parts of those laws; or (3) reinterpret the U.S. Constitution to include new legal standards.

1- A court case is sent to the Supreme Court based on a law passed by Congress.
2- Court can decide if the law is constitutional (legal) or unconstitutional (illegal). (*Judicial Branch’s Check on Congress.)
3- If the court says the law is unconstitutional, the Court gets rid of the law.
*Judicial Review: Judges can ‘review’ the laws in court cases to (1) get rid of those laws (strike down laws that are unconstitutional); or (2) rewrite parts of those laws; or (3) reinterpret the U.S. Constitution to include new legal standards.

Answer 19

How does the Supreme Court have power over the Congress? (Using the power of Judicial Review.)

Question 20

1- A court case is sent to the Supreme Court based on a presidential action/executive actions. (Presidential actions can be Executive Orders, etc.)
2- Court can decide if the president’s action is constitutional (legal) or unconstitutional (illegal). (That’s also the power of Judicial Review = to say if presidential actions are legal or illegal.) (Judicial Branch’s Check on President.)
3- If the court says the presidential/executive action is unconstitutional, the Court orders it stopped.

Answer 20

How does the Supreme Court have power over the President? (Using the power of Judicial Review.)