Section 3 - Element 3 Flashcards
What are the priorities of first aid?
PAPP
1) Preserve life,
2) Alleviate suffering,
3) Prevent the situation getting worse,
4) Promote casualty recovery.
What is the difference between a symptom and a sign
A sympton is what the casualty tells you that they have while a sign is something that you can see, hear or feel. e.g. sympoms: stiffness, tenderness, pain, temperature, dizziness. Signs: bad smell, sweating, bruising, bleeding, things that you can actually see.
What is heart attack?
interruption of the blood supply to the heart itself. The heart muscle is being starved of oxygen.
What are the symptoms of a heart attack?
1) dizzyness, nausea
2) tightening sensation, chest pain (also in left arm, jaw)
3) rapid, weak or irregular pulse
4) feeling of impending doom, anxiety
5) may confuse with feeling of indigestion
What are the signs of a heart attack?
1) pale-grey (sweaty) skin
2) blue tinge to skin and lips
3) clutching their chest
4) sudden collapse
5) casualty may find breathing difficult
What is the treatment for a heart attack?
1) Call 999
2) Sit them down (half sitting)
3) loosen clothing
4) monitor casualty and be prepared to start CPR if the casualty stops breathing.
chewing aspirin if not allergic
what is shock?
It is a failure of the circulation, which leads to an inadequate supply of blood to vital organs.
What are the symptoms of shock?
Dizzyness, confused, disoriented, nauseous, thirst
What are the signs of shock?
1) pale, cold clammy skin
2) blue tinge lips and extremities
3) weak, rapid pulse
4) rapid, shallow breathing
5) Unconsciousness
What is the treatment for shock?
1) elevate their legs, loosen clothing,
2) treat the cause of shock where possible,
3) keep them warm, monitor, do not give them food or drink,
4) call 999 for emergency help.
What is an asthma attack?
Spasm of the muscles of the air passages and narrowing the airway, causes shortness of breath and wheezing.
What are the symptoms of an asthma attack?
breathing difficulties
wheezing
What are the signs of an asthma attack?
anxiety
difficulty in speaking
pale and clammy grey skin, blue lips
What is the treatment for an asthma attack?
1) reassure the casualty, sit them in a comfortable position,
2) assist them to use their reliever inhaler, it should be used again if the attack does not ease,
3) remove the cause if known - Cold winter air can make the attack worse,
4) call 999/112 when the casualty goes unconscious, attack is severe or lasts longer than normal, or when medication does not help, or person is very distressed or exhausted.
What is anaphylaxis?
a serious, potentially fatal condition caused by a massive allergic reaction.
In allergic individuals, anaphylaxis can develop within a few seconds or minutes following contact with any substance that they are allergic to.
