Section 3, Chapter 6 Flashcards
Blood
A unique life-sustaining fluid that supplies the body’s organs and cells with oxygen and nutrients & helps regulate body temperature, fight infections, and remove waste products.
Three kinds of cells in the blood:
Red blood cells, white blood cells, + platelets.
Growth Factors
Substances within the blood that attach to cells, aid in growth and development, and help with healing after injury
Plasma
55% of the total volume of blood + remaining 45% is cellular material
Transportation
Transports oxygen and nutrients to tissues transports waste products from tissues, transports hormones, growth factors, + stem cells to organs + tissues, carries heat throughout the body
Regulation
Regulates body temperature and acid balance in the body
Protection
Protects the body from excessive bleeding by clotting, + contains specialized immune cells to help fight disease + sickness.
Blood explanation 2
Fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins; it carries nutrients and oxygen to all parts of the body and also transports waste products from the body to other compartments or organs for either processing (e.g., liver) or excretion (e.g., kidney).
Stem Cells
Cells within the body divide and develop into specialized cells, such as brain cells, blood cells, heart cells, and bone cells.
Blood Vessels
Form a closed circuit of hollow tubes that allows blood to be transported to and from the heart.
Arteries
Vessels that transport blood away from the heart
Capillaries
The smallest blood vessels and the site of exchange of elements between the blood and the tissues.
Veins
Vessels that transport blood back to the heart
Arterioles
Small arteries that eventually divide into capillaries
Venules
Small veins that allows blood to drain from capillaries into the larger veins
Vasculogeneisis
The formation of new capillaries
Angiogenesis
The formation of new capillaries from existing blood vessels
Branches of Aorta
Medium-sized arteries including, the carotid artery (blood to the brain via the neck), subclavian artery (supplies blood to both arms), mesenteric arteries (blood to the digestive system), renal artery (blood to both kidneys), + iliac artery (blood to pelvic + reproductive organs.
Venous Pooling
The accumulation of blood into the extremities due to slow blood flow through the veins (venous return) or backflow.
Blood pressure (BP)
The outward pressure exerted by the blood on the vessel walls; reported as systolic/diastolic.
Peripheral resistance
The amount of resistance in the arteries that must be overcome for blood to flow.
Arteries + Arterioles
Large & Medium vessels carry OXYGENATED blood from the lungs to the heart and then out into the body.
Veins + Venules
Large + medium vessels carry DEOXYGENATED blood back to the heart + then to the lungs.
Capillaries
Smallest vessels are the sites of nutrient exchange in bodily tissues where arterioles + venules meet
Venous pooling
A term used to describe the accumulation of blood in the extremities due to slow blood flow through the veins (venous return) or backflow (Goodman, 2015; Reid et al., 2014). When the venous return is reduced as a result of damage to the veins, such as the one-way valves not working, swelling in the extremities may accumulate and the veins of the leg become more visible
Blood Pressure (BP)
The measurement of circulating blood against the walls of arteries.
Hypertension
Consistently elevated blood pressure. Greater than 139 mm Hg sys + 89 mm Hg dia.
Normal = <120 mm Hg + <80 mm Hg
What is the right side of the heart referred to as?
The pulmonic side
Respiratory system
A bodily system, also known as the pulmonary system, that brings oxygen into the lungs from breathed air while removing carbon dioxide from the lungs into the outside air; includes airways, lungs, and the respiratory muscles.
Respiratory System
Airways, lungs, + Respiratory muscles
How many liters of air do we breathe everyday?
7K - 9K Liters
Respiratory Pump
Composed of skeletal structures (bones) and soft tissues (muscles) that work together to allow for proper respiratory mechanics as well as pumping blood back to the heart during inspiration.
Inspiration
The process of contracting the inspiratory muscles to move air into the body.