section 3 (6) outline the role of the hormones, aldosterone and ADH (anti-diuretic hormone) in the regulation of water and salt levels in blood Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is aldosterone produced?

A
  • adrenal glands (adrenal cortex)
  • produced when there is a decrease in sodium ions in the bloodstream: also when there is a decrease in blood pressure and volume.
  • decrease in blood volume/ pressure → release of
    enzyme renin → release of aldosterone
  • reaches kidney from the adrenal gland via bloodstream
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2
Q

What effect does aldosterone have?

A
  • causes convoluted tubules to actively reabsorb more sodium ions
  • increases the nephrons permeability to sodium ions (especially loop of Henle)
  • decreases potassium ion reabsorption
  • as sodium ions are reabsorbed by capillaries, salt is retained
  • creates an osmotic pull for water, which is then also reabsorbed in greater volumes and hence increases blood pressure and volume → fall in solute concentration in water
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3
Q

where is ADH produced?

A
  • neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus, stored and released from the posterior pituitary gland
  • produced when the hypothalamus detects a rise in blood solutes → decrease in water concentration
  • reaches kidney from pituitary gland via the bloodstream
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4
Q

what does ADH do?

A
  • Increases the permeability of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts to water → more absorption of water
  • also increases the permeability of collecting duct walls to urea allowing more urine to be produced.
  • ADH is suppressed by alcohol
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