Section 3

Question 1

Write short notes on the differences between Grain and Bale capacity and Stowage Factor.

Answer 1

Grain capacity is calculated for any “free flowing” cargoes such as grain. Any obstructions within the hold are not accounted for. The bale capacity of the hold takes into account any spaces lost due to the obstructions within the hold, such as spar ceiling, beams and any other mechanical obstructions. The difference is grain capacity is the space that is available for liquid-type cargo, like bulk grain, which can flow into every corner while bale capacity is the space available for bagged or baled cargoes.

Stowage Factor is the volume occupied to accommodate one tonne of cargo.

Question 2

What does CSS code contain?

Answer 2

A reference document for consultants preparing lashing plans and classification societies preparing cargo securing manuals, as well as providing guidance for serving officers.

7 Chapters and 13 Annexes

1. General
2. Principles of safe stowage and securing of cargoes
3. Standardized stowage and securing
4. Semi-standardized stowage and securing
5. Non-standardized stowage and securing
6. Actions which may be taken in heavy weather
7. Actions which may be taken once cargo has shifted.

Question 3

What is Deadweight cargo and Measurement Cargo?

Answer 3

Deadweight cargo is a cargo for which freight is charged based on weight.

Measurement cargo is a cargo for which freight is charged based on volume.

Question 4

Loading containers on a non-container ship. (A, B and C method)

Answer 4

Method A: Medium Weight Containers - Weight of top container do not exceed 70% of the bottom container.

Method B: Medium Weight Containers - Weight of the top container may be more than 70% of the bottom container.

Method C: Heavy Weight Containers - Weight of top container exceeds 70% of the bottom container

Question 5

Mariner’s 3W method. Lashing strength required.

Answer 5

Vertical lashing strength required = 3W
Horizontal athwartship lashing strength required = 70% of 3W
Horizontal fore and aft lashing strength required = 30% of 3W

Question 6

Calculation of rolling period and sweep.

Answer 6

T = C x B / ^GM

GM = (C x B / T)2