Section 2: Plant Biology Flashcards
(164 cards)
What are nonvascular plants
plants without a vascular system consisting of xylem and phloem.
Examples of nonvascular plants
Liverworts, hornworts, mosses
what are vascular plants
plant with vascular systems, xylem and phloem (tracheids).
Examples of vascular plants
lycophytes, pteridophytes, cyrads, ginkos, conifers, gymnosperms and angiosperms.
what do lycophytes and pteridophytes have in common
seedless, lignin, roots and leaves, and have tracheids.
what is the difference between lycophytes and pteridophytes
lycophytes: seedless, lignin, roots and leaves, and have tracheids; roots are forked.
Pteridophytes: more vascularized and have branched roots.
What is special about angiosperms
they are the most evolved plant, they have 4 times the amount of vascular systems
how are angiosperms the most evolved
Flowering plants are able to survive in a greater variety of habitats than gymnosperms. Flowering plants mature more quickly than gymnosperms, and produce greater numbers of seeds. The woody tissues of angiosperms are also more complex and specialized.
what does xylem do
transports water
what does phloem do
transports nutrients and minerals
what do angiosperms have that other plants don’t
flowers and fruits
what is the shoot
the stem and the leaves
what is a shoot system
multiple stems and leaves of the same plant
what is a root system
all of the plant’s roots
what does only a plant cell have
cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts.
what does a cell wall do for a plant
provides a structural framework to support plant growth and acts as the first line of defense when the plant encounters pathogens. The cell wall must also retain some flexibility, such that when subjected to developmental, biotic, or abiotic stimuli it can be rapidly remodeled in response.
what does a chloroplast do?
a plastid: membrane bound organelle.
Chloroplasts have pigments that can absorb light at certain intensities
what does a central vacuole do?
can make 80% of cell volume; usually filled with water; can store calcium, magnesium, pigments, etc. ; used to maintain cell shape.
what does an animal cell only have
lysosomes and centrioles
what is the difference between glycogen and cellulose/starch
glycogen is heavily branched; cellulose/starch have hydroxyl groups.
what shape is amylose
non branched
what shape are amylopectins
branched
what bonds do two starches have
glycosidic linkages
what does pectin do
helps fuse other cells together by attracting negative charges.
Also helps the growth and development of the plant stem.