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GCSE - Chemistry (New) > Section 2 - Pgs 30-33 > Flashcards

Section 2 - Pgs 30-33 Flashcards

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1
Q

Do Group 7 elements take part in displacement reactions?

A

Yes

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2
Q

What is a displacement reaction?

A

Where a more reactive element ‘pushes out’ (displaces) a less reactive element from a compound.

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3
Q

What happens when chlorine water is added to potassium iodide and why?

A

Potassium chloride and iodine are formed. This is because the chlorine is more reactive than the iodine, which causes it to displace the iodine. The iodine turns the solution brown.

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4
Q

Describe an experiment to demonstrate that a more reactive halogen will displace a less reactive one from a solution of its salt.

A

1) Prepare 3 salt solutions: chlorine salt solution, bromine salt solution, iodine salt solution (e.g. potassium chloride solution)
2) Add chlorine water to each of these and watch for colour change.
3) A colour change shows that chlorine is more reactive than the halogen in that salt.
4) Repeat, adding bromine water and then iodine water instead of chlorine water.

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5
Q

What happens to the colour of a solution when bromine is displaced?

A

Turns orange

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6
Q

What happens to the colour of a solution when iodine is displaced?

A

Turns brown

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7
Q

Complete the equation:

Cl2 + 2KI ->

A

Cl2 + 2KI -> I2 + 2KCl

Chlorine + Potassium iodide -> Iodine + Potassium chloride

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8
Q

Usually, what type of reactions are displacement reactions?

A

Redox reactions

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9
Q

What is a redox reaction?

A

When reduction and oxidation happen at the same time.

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10
Q

What is an oxidising agent?

A

It accepts electrons and gets reduced.

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11
Q

What is a reduction agent?

A

It donates electrons and gets oxidised.

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12
Q

In halogen displacement reactions, what gets reduced and what gets oxidised?

A

Reduced: Halogen - The halogen gains electrons to make it negatively charged so it can form an ionic bond.
Oxidised: Halogen in Salt - The halogen in the salt loses electrons so that it is no longer negatively charged and is once again an atom.

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13
Q

What are the horizontal rows of the periodic table called?

A

Periods

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14
Q

What are the vertical columns of the periodic table called?

A

Groups

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15
Q

Describe the relationship between the elements in a group.

A
  • Generally have similar properties -> Due to same no. of outer electrons
  • Properties gradually change as you go down the group (e.g. reactivity)
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16
Q

Where are the elements on the left of the periodic table?

A

Metals

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17
Q

What are the elements on the right of the periodic table?

A

Non-metals

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18
Q

What is the acidity of metal oxides and non-metal oxides?

A

Metal oxides: Basic

Non-metal oxides: Acidic

19
Q

What are group 0 elements called?

A

Noble gases

20
Q

What are the properties of the noble gases (group 0) and why?

A

They are inert (unreactive) because they have a full outer shell of electrons.

21
Q

What are the group 1 elements called?

A

Alkali metals

22
Q

What is produced when alkali metals react with water?

A

Metal hydroxide solution and hydrogen

23
Q

Why are alkali metals called that?

A

They react with water to form an alkaline solution.

24
Q

What is the word equation for sodium reacting with water?

A

Sodium + Water -> Sodium Hydroxide + Hydrogen

25
Q

What is the symbol equation for sodium reacting with water?

A

2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) -> 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)

26
Q

How does reactivity change as you go down group 1 (alkali metals)?

A

It increases.

27
Q

Sort lithium, sodium and potassium by reactivity.

A

Least reactive: Lithium
Sodium
Most reactive: Potassium

28
Q

Describe the reaction between lithium and water.

A

The lithium moves around slowly on the surface, fizzing until it disappears.

29
Q

Describe the reaction between sodium and water.

A

The sodium fizzes rapidly and movies quickly around the surface. It may ignite.

30
Q

Describe the reaction between potassium and water.

A

The potassium reacts vigorously and, moves around rapidly and burns with a lilac flame. It can sometimes explode.

31
Q

What makes the alkali metals more reactive as you go down the group?

A
  • Each alkali metal has 1 electron in its outer shell, which it can lose
  • As you go down the group, the outer electron is further away from the nucleus, meaning the attraction between them is weaker
  • This makes it easier to lose the outer electron, and so the metal is more reactive
32
Q

What are group 7 elements called?

A

Halogens

33
Q

How do the properties of group 7 elements change as you go down the group?

A
  • Darker
  • Higher boiling point
  • Less reactive
34
Q

How does the reactivity of halogens change along the group?

A

The most reactive halogens are at the top of the group.

35
Q

Why does the reactivity of halogens decrease as you go down the group?

A

The shell with the missing electron is further from the nucleus, so there is a weaker attraction.

36
Q

What is formed when hydrogen reacts with a halogen?

A

Hydrogen halide

37
Q

What is the formula of hydrogen chloride?

A

HCl

38
Q

What is the state of hydrogen chloride at RTP?

A

Gas

39
Q

What is dissociation?

A

The splitting of hydrogen chloride into H+ and Cl- ions in water.

40
Q

How is hydrochloride acid made?

A

Hydrogen chloride is dissolved in water.

41
Q

What is the different between hydrogen chloride and hydrochloric acid?

A

They have the same formula, but hydrogen chloride is a gas and is not acidic, while hydrochloric acid is a solution and is acidic.

42
Q

Why is hydrogen chloride not acidic, while hydrochloric acid is?

A

In water, the HCl can dissociate into H+ and Cl- ions. They H+ ions are what make it acidic. This cannot happen in HCl as a gas.

43
Q

What happens when hydrogen chloride is dissolved in methylbenzene?

A

The HCl cannot dissociate into H+ and Cl- ions. This means it is not acidic.

44
Q

Name a substance which hydrogen chloride can be dissolved in to make it acidic and name another substance in which it is not acidic.

A

Acidic: Water

Not acidic: Methylbenzene

GCSE - Chemistry (New) (18 decks)

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