Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Mort 163 Embalming Anatomy and Pathology > Section 2 Intro to Pathology > Flashcards

Section 2 Intro to Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Define Pathology

A

science that studies disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does Pathology NOT address?

A

The healing process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define Pathological Anatomy

A

Study of structural changes in the tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define physiological Pathology

A

studies in changes or altercations in function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define Forensic Pathology

A

investigative study of abnormal processes resulting in death fro the benefit of the justice system during legal proceedings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define Surgical Pathology

A

study of tissues removed from living patients during surgery to help diagnose a disease and determine a treatment plan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What’s the difference between General and Special Pathology?

A

General is what causes the disease and how it develops Special is study of a specific disease of organs or system of organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define Experimental Pathology

A

Study of disease induced artificially and intentionally in animals to improve human pharmaceutical treatments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define disease

A

any condition of cells, tissues, or organs of the body that are abnormal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Who is Rudolf Virchow

A

Proposed that all disease is brought by changes in the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

______ is the Dean of Pathology, Father of modern pathology, and founder of social _______

A

Rudolf Virchow , Medicine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define Functional disease

A

Disease characterized by abnormal functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why is there no need for structural change for a functional disease ?

A

They’re usually associated with mental disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define organic disease

A

Any disease associated with detectable or observable change in one or more body organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

True or false organic diseases are usually caused by a living organism ?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define congenital disease

A

any abnormality or failure of the fetus while in utero

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define Acquired disease

A

any disease occurring after birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define Acute disease

A

SUDDEN , characterized by swift onset and rapid course

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Define Chronic disease

A

long standing , slow evolution, and long course

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define Allergy

A

hypersensitivity cause by forieghn particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What do Bacteremia, Septicemia, and Toxemia have in common ?

A

all types of poisonings within the blood system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Define communicable disease

A

can be transmitted directly or indirectly from one individual to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Define a complication

A

an unfavorable condition arising during the course of the disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Define Deficiency disease

A

caused by a metabolism deficiency disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Define diagnosis

A

identification of a disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Define prognosis

A

prediction of the outcome of a disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Define endemic

A

more or less always in the community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Define epidemic

A

after a large number of people in the community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Define Exacerbation

A

a sudden increase in severity of symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Define Febrile disease

A

illness characterized by a high fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Define fulminating

A

having a rapid and severe onset, usually fatal , more severe than acute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Define heredity disease

A

passed from parent to offspring through genetic code

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Define Iatrogenic

A

results from the adverse(harmful) activity of medical personnel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Define Idiopathic disease

A

of unknown cause or origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Infection is cause by a ______ ________

A

living organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Define infestation

A

harboring of animal parasites, especially macroscopic forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Define Intoxication

A

conditions resulting from presence of toxins and poisons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Define Morbidity rate

A

relative occurrence of a disease in the population at a given time and place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Define Mortality rate

A

of deaths in a given time or place as compared to the population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Define Noscomial

A

an infection acquired in a health care facility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Define Occupational disease

A

associated with ones occupation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Define Pandemic

A

world wide disease (wide spread epidemic )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Define Pathogenesis

A

How a disease(organism) develops and causes disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Define prevalence

A

of cases of a disease present in a specific population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Define recurrent disease

A

a disease with alternating symptomatic and asymptomatic periods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Define Remission

A

a decrease in the severity of the symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Define sporadic

A

scattered instances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Define Syndrome

A

set of signs and symptoms associated with a particular disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Define Symptom

A

experienced by the patient but not apparent to the examiner (subjective)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Define Sign

A

observed by the examiner (objective)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Define Etiology

A

Study of the cause and basic origin of a disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Define Etymology

A

study of the origin of words and their meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Define Predisposing causes

A

endogenous, not the actual cause but can aid to the disease condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What broad ages typically can get sick more often?

A

young and old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

True or false malnutrition can predispose other diseases

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

True or false some diseases can only affect a certain sex and their organs

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Define exogenous

A

starts outside of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Give 3 examples of physical agents

A

x rays, thermal radiation, and electrical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What are chemical agents ?

A

chemicals that can burn like phenol, lead, and mercury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What are some examples of biological agents?

A

bacteria, yeast, mold, protozoa, viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Define endogenous

A

starts inside the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Define physiological

A

bodily functions can be the origins of various disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Define Allergens

A

foreign proteins that can cause hypersensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

define an Autoimmune disease

A

the bodys immune system no longer can distinguish healthy tissue from foreign invaders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

What are immune deficiencies

A

certain diseases inhibit the normal immune system response to injury , allowing conditions to worsen

66
Q

True or false certain diseases can appear as dominant or recessive traits

A

True

67
Q

True or false some diseases are linked to chromosomal defects

A

True

68
Q

Define deformity

A

any measurable change in structure or function of a cell or tissue

69
Q

Define malformation

A

irregular, abnormal, wrong formation of structure.

70
Q

Birth defects affect 1 in every __ babies born in the USA each year

A

33

71
Q

______ are the leading cause of infant deaths

A

birth defects

72
Q

Define Amelia

A

absence of one or more limbs

73
Q

Hypoplasia

A

decrease in the # of cells (agenesis, corpus callosum isn’t fully developed)

74
Q

Define deuteranopia

A

colorblindness of reds and greens

75
Q

What chromosomal abnormality causes down syndrome ?

A

Trisomy 21

76
Q

What chromosomal abnormality causes Edwards syndrome and have a 50% survival rate past the first week if birth ?

A

Trisomy 18

77
Q

True or false other trisomies aside from down syndrome(21) and Edwards(18) end in miscarriage

A

True

78
Q

Cleft palate or lip means

A

lip or palate did not completely fuse

79
Q

Define a Hernia

A

protrusion of an organ or part through some opening in the cavity wall

80
Q

omphalocele where organs are not in place because of a hernia can occur in what 3 main places

A

inguinal/femoral , abdominal, and hiatal(stomach in thoracic cavity )

81
Q

define polydactylism

A

more than normal amount of digits

82
Q

Phocomelia

A

proximal portion of limbs is underdeveloped

83
Q

Spina bifida

A

meninges herniated through a defect of spinous process or vertebral column

84
Q

Vascular nevus

A

localized overgrowth of blood vessels that are dilated and have thin walls characterized by erythema (red patches in skin/birthmark)

85
Q

What are 5 clinically important causes of acute lethal injury

A

hypoxia, anoxia (not enough oxygen), physical, chemical, microbial agents, and allergic reactions

86
Q

Define necrosis

A

death of cells, tissues, or organs while still part of the living body

87
Q

True or false necrosis is reversible

A

False

88
Q

define liquefaction

A

necrotic area becomes liquefied

89
Q

Define Coagulation

A

Necrotic area is converted to a dry, yellow mass resulting in protein coagulation

90
Q

Define caseation

A

necrotic area containing cheesy puffy-like material

91
Q

Define Gummatous

A

necrotic area encapsulates and contains a central necrotic mass surrounded by inflammatory and fibrotic tissue

92
Q

Gangrenous occurs due to ___________ bacteria

A

saprophytic

93
Q

Define ischemia

A

inadequate blood supply to an organ

94
Q

Define Necrobiosis

A

gradual degeneration and death of cells in the body tissues.

95
Q

Define infarct

A

a small localized area of dead tissue resulting from failure of blood supply.

96
Q

Define infiltration

A

deposits of abnormal liquids or solids brought into a cell and cause harm

97
Q

Jaundice is caused by abnormal amounts of ______

A

bilirubin

98
Q

define subacute / chronic sub-lethal

A

between acute and chronic not severe enough to cause death

99
Q

Define infiltration

A

deposits of abnormal liquid or solids into tissue or cells

100
Q

What are three examples of infiltrations?

A

Fatty, calcification, and Gout

101
Q

define calcification

A

mineral salts in tissues with no attempt to form bone

102
Q

Define Gout

A

increase of uric acid production or decrease in uric acid excretion

103
Q

Define pigmentations

A

abnormal deposits of minerals in an area where they normally would not be found

104
Q

Bilirubin gives off a ____ bile pigment and biliverdin gives off a ____ bile pigment

A

Bilirubin red biliverdin green

105
Q

carotenemia

A

over consumption of yellow vegetables with carotene

106
Q

plumbism

A

chronic lead poisoning

107
Q

Argyria

A

greyish blue skin due to deposits of silver salts from medications

108
Q

Define Atrophy

A

decrease in the size of a part or organ that was previously normal size

109
Q

What are some examples of atrophy?

A

tonsils, spleen, thymus , disuse, and paralyses can cause tissue to decrease in size

110
Q

Define hypertrophy

A

an enlargement in the tissue due to increased functional demand

111
Q

True or false some organs can undergo hypertrophy when they compensate for something

A

True (kidney)

112
Q

Define hyperplasia

A

increase in the number of cells , can cause swelling

113
Q

Define metaphasia

A

replacement of a type of tissue with a different type of tissue

114
Q

anaplasia

A

reverse in structure cell will become more generic and less specialized

115
Q

What does the suffix plasia mean ?

A

formation or development (molding)

116
Q

True or false Vitamin A is fat soluble

A

True

117
Q

From what can you get vitamin A and what is it necessary for?

A

Vitamin A from leafy greens, yellow fruit and vegetables, lots of different meets. Necessary for vision, bone growth and development.

118
Q

True or false a deficiency in Vitamin A can cause night blindness and destruction of mucous membranes

A

True

119
Q

True or false Vitamin B is water soluble

A

True

120
Q

Where can you find water soluble vitamin B and what is it necessary for?

A

can be found in liver and foods like potatoes and rice . Necessary for growth appetite and metabolism

121
Q

What are some of the consequences of a deficiency of vitamin B?

A

weakness, mental disturbance, edema, and heart disease

122
Q

True or false vitamin deficiency is uncommon amongst alcoholics

A

False it is common

123
Q

True or false vitamin C is water soluble

A

True

124
Q

Where can you find water soluble vitamin C and what is it necessary for ?

A

can be found in fruits and vegetables. necessary for collagen in CT and integrity of capillaries

125
Q

True or false a vitamin C deficiency will cause you to get scurvy

A

True

126
Q

What are some of the consequences of a deficiency of vitamin C?

A

hemorrhaging from the gums, skin, and GI tract . weak joints and bones

127
Q

True or false vitamin D is fat soluble

A

True

128
Q

From what can you get fat soluble vitamin D and what is it necessary for?

A

salmon, catfish, organ meat, eggyolks, and sunlight. necessary for regulating calcium in the blood

129
Q

What are some of the consequences of a deficiency of vitamin D?

A

Rickets (calcification in bones prior to epiphseal plates closure) in children and osteomalacia(softening of bones ) in adults

130
Q

True or false vitamin E is fat soluble

A

True

131
Q

From what can you get fat soluble vitamin E and what is it necessary for?

A

can be found in whole grains and nuts . necessary for reproductive growth and epithelial growth

132
Q

What are some of the consequences of a deficiency of vitamin E ?

A

tissue degeneration, blood vessels, liver, kidney, and reproductive problems

133
Q

True or false vitamin K is fat soluble

A

True

134
Q

From what can you get fat soluble vitamin K and what is it necessary for?

A

leafy greens , pork, sunlight. necessary for prothrombin and blood coagulation factors

135
Q

What are some of the consequences of a deficiency of vitamin K ?

A

hemorrhaging

136
Q

What are some sources of iodine and what is it necessary for?

A

seafood, iodized salt . necessary for production of thyroxin (hormone for thyroid gland )

137
Q

True or false a deficiency to iodine leads to an enlarged thyroid called a goiter

A

True

138
Q

What are some sources of Iron and what is it necessary for?

A

red meats, common foods. Necessary for RBC production for 02 transportation

139
Q

True or false Iron deficiency leads to anemia

A

True

140
Q

Inflammation is the tissues reaction to _____

A

injury

141
Q

what are the 5 cardinal symptoms of inflammation

A

pain (dolar), swelling, heat(calor), redness(cause by hypermia), and dysfunction

142
Q

What are four causes of inflammation ?

A

infection(microorganisms), trauma, thermal injury, and foreign bodies(immune reactions)

143
Q

Define acute inflammation

A

rapid onset, short lived

144
Q

Congestion when speaking of inflammation

A

vascular reaction when tissues become inflamed leading to dilation of the capillaries

145
Q

Define exudation

A

inflammatory fluid containing plasma, WBC, and other components

146
Q

Suppurative, type of inflammation

A

containing pus

147
Q

Serous, type of inflammation

A

composed of serum and very few cells

148
Q

Catarrhal, type of inflammation

A

serous exudates that contain mucin

149
Q

Hemorrhagic,type of inflammation

A

contains blood

150
Q

What causes redness and warmth in an inflamed area ?

A

Vasodilation increases blood flow leading to redness and warmth

151
Q

How does permeability of the vessels help in inflammation ?

A

necessary protein rich fluid and leukocyte are able to reach the damaged area

152
Q

The loss of fluid from a permeable blood vessel concentrated RBC’s and leads to a decreased velocity and ____ of blood flow

A

stasis (inactivity or equilibrium)

153
Q

Chronic inflammation

A

increase over time when body cant heal damaged area

154
Q

Granulomatous type of inflammation can

A

resolve itself, remain static, become gangrenous, or spread

155
Q

Define sinus

A

a cavity in bone or tissue

156
Q

Define Fistula (inflammatory lesions)

A

abnormal tube like opening between two structures .

157
Q

Define abscess (inflammatory lesions)

A

localized collection of puss in a cavity formed by a degeneration of tissue

158
Q

Define Pustule (inflammatory lesions)

A

small elevation of the skin containing puss or lymph fluid

159
Q

Define Furuncle (boil) (inflammatory lesions)

A

inflammation area of skin in subcutaneous tissue with a central core

160
Q

Define carbuncle (inflammatory lesions)

A

Multiple Furuncles

161
Q

Define ulcer (inflammatory lesions)

A

superficial sore discharging pus , usually affecting epithelial tissue

162
Q

Define vesicle (blister) (inflammatory lesions)

A

elevation of skin containing a clear watery fluid

Mort 163 Embalming Anatomy and Pathology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions