Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Mort 163 Embalming Anatomy and Pathology > Section 1 Anatomy Review > Flashcards

Section 1 Anatomy Review Flashcards

1
Q

Define Anatomy

A

the branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other living organisms. especially in dissection and separation of parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two Divisions of Anatomy?

A

Gross and Microscopic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define Gross Anatomy

A

Anatomic study without any assistance (at macroscopic level)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define Microscopic Anatomy

A

Study of anatomy using optical instruments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the Difference between Cytology and Histology.

A

Cytology is study of the cell and Histology is the study of tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define Surface Anatomy/ Topographical Anatomy (important for embalming/body prep )

A

The study of the arrangement of the surface of the body in relation to deeper/ underlying structures . I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define Linear Guide

A

An imaginary line between to set points

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define Anatomical guide

A

The relationship of one anatomical structure to another . For embalming its usually the relationship of a vessel to another anatomical structure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define Anatomical Limit/Extent

A

points of origin and termination in relation to adjacent structures used to designate boundaries of arteries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define regional anatomy

A

The study of Anatomy based on regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cephalic is relating to ________ and cranium is relating to _______

A

Cephalic to head

Cranium to skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where does the face start and end?

A

forehead to chin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do the words Cervix, Nape, and nuchal refer to on the body?

A

Posterior portion of the neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How many vertebrae do the Cervical, thoracic , and lumbar region have ?

A

Cervical C1-C7 ,Thoracic T1-T12, and Lumbar L1-L5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many vertebrae do the sacrum and coccyx have?

A

Sacrum S1-S5 . The coccyx is the tailbone and has just 3 vertebrae .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Acromial

A

point of the shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Deltoid

A

curve of the shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Brachial

A

upper arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

olecranal

A

posterior side of elbow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Antecubital fossa

A

anterior side of the elbow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Antebrachial

A

forearm, cubital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Carpal

A

wrist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Manual (Manus)

A

Hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Thenar

A

Thumbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Buttock

A

Gluteal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Coxal

A

hip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

INGUINAL

A

GROIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Femoral

A

Thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Genicular

A

anterior knee, patella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Popliteal

A

Posterior knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Crural

A

shin , anterior of lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Sural

A

Posterior of lower leg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Fibular

A

lateral portion of the lower leg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Tarsal/ malleolar

A

ankle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Ped

A

foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

calcaneal

A

heel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Define system

A

group of organs arranged for a specific function i.e. Respiratory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Define systemic Anatomy

A

related to body organs or systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Define Cells

A

Basic structural, functional and developmental unit of the body. smallest living unit in all living things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Define tissues

A

Group of cells and interstitial environment that make up all organs and their systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What are the four basic/fundamental tissue types and their purpose

A

Epithelia , connective, muscle, and nervous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is the purpose of Epithelial tissue ,What is an example

A

serves as covering or lining, simple squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is the purpose of connective tissue,What is an example

A

serves for support or insulation, osteoclast or adipocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is the purpose of muscular tissue,What is an example

A

movement, myocyte or cardiomyocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is the purpose of nervous tissue,What is an example

A

signal transduction and cellular communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Define secretion

A

Liquid that us separated from the original mixture, combined with another liquid and replaced into the body cells or organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What are 5 examples of secretions?

A

Saliva, Mucus, Bile, Hormones, and tears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Define membrane

A

a pliable, sheet-like structure acting as a boundary, lining or partition in an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Define an organ

A

part of an organism that is typically self-contained and has a specific vital function EX. liver or heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Define an organism

A

an individual animal, plant, or single celled life form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What is the organization of body systems starting with the atom? Hint: there’s 9

A

Atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Define developmental biology

A

The study of the process by which organisms (plant and animal) develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Define embryology

A

Study of the body development from fertilization until birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

True or false initially cells are not specialized, and over time become specialized

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Define protoplasm

A

the colorless material that makes up the living part of a cell, including the cytoplasm, nucleus, and other organelles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

True or false cells sizes vary based on function

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Water, acids, bases, and certain salts are examples of what is ______ in a cell

A

inorganic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and ATP are all examples of what is _____ in a cell

A

Organic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

True or false the cell membrane contains polarized lipids

A

True phospholipid layer

60
Q

Define cytoplasm

A

all protoplasm except the nucleus(storage and working area)

61
Q

What is the function of a Ribosome

A

produces proteins, enzymes, and compounds

62
Q

What is the function of a Lysosome

A

Digestive sacs that employ phagocytic action

63
Q

What contains cilia and are involved in cell division

A

centrosomes

64
Q

what serves as the smooth and rough circulatory passageways for proteins ?

A

endoplasmic reticulum

65
Q

What is the function of the Mitochondria?

A

produces ATP (energy source for chemical reactions within the cell )

66
Q

What collects and stores proteins and lipids produced by the ER?

A

Golgi Apparatus

67
Q

Define inclusions

A

non-living storage chambers/areas inside a cell .

68
Q

What are three examples of inclusions andwhat they store inside the cell ?

A

Food vacuoles (raw materials), Air vacuoles (gasses), and pigment vacuoles (energy molecules)

69
Q

Define Nucleoplasm

A

Karyoplasm(dense region ) within the nucleus

70
Q

Define chromatin

A

material at cell division which aggregates to form chromosomes

71
Q

Define chromosomes

A

Rod like structures that contain the genes and appear at the time of cell division

72
Q

Physiology

A

the branch of study that deals with the normal functions of organisms

73
Q

True or false carbon dioxide and oxygen pass through the membrane

A

true

74
Q

what are the three ways of cellular movement? and how do they move?

A

Amoeboid(false foot protoplasm contracts and expands), Cilia(microscopic hair like structures, filaments), and Pili (bacteria have a hair like appendage )

75
Q

Define concentration gradient

A

difference between the solute and solvent content at two points

76
Q

Define solute

A

item being dissolved

77
Q

Define solvent

A

Item doing the dissolving

78
Q

Define diffusion

A

molecules moving form a greater to a lesser concentration (no energy from pressure)

79
Q

Define osmosis

A

movement of a solvent(water) through a semipermeable membrane

80
Q

Define filtration

A

Any mechanical, physical, or biological operation that separates solids from fluids, or liquids from gas

81
Q

Define active transport

A

Movement of a substance across a gradient that requires energy (ATP)

82
Q

`Define Pinocytosis

A

ingestion of a liquid by a cell

83
Q

Define phagocytosis

A

cell engulfs a solid particle

84
Q

Define cyclosis

A

flow of cytoplasm within a cell allowing distribution of material .

85
Q

True or false Nutrients are assimilated via diffusion and osmosis

A

True

86
Q

Elimination of waste through the cell membrane is

A

Excretion

87
Q

Any response to stimuli or the environment is

A

Physical, chemical, and microbial

88
Q

Division of nucleus

A

Karyokinesis

89
Q

Division of cytoplasm

A

Cytokinesis

90
Q

What are the 5 steps in mitosis ? Hint : I P mat

A

Pro, Meta, Ana, Telo, and interphase (resting phase)

91
Q

One step -direct division ; nucleus dividing with cytoplasm

A

Amitosis

92
Q

Type of division where the sex cells (gametes) are formed

A

Meiosis

93
Q

Spermatozoa (_ or_)

Oocytes (__ only )

A

Spermatozoa X or Y

Oocytes X only

94
Q

Anabolism ____ up

Catabolism ___down

A 
Ana builds 
Cata breaks (produces heat and waste )
95
Q

What two categories does metabolism have ?

A

anabolism and catabolism

96
Q

What are the four basic/fundamental tissue types

A

Muscular

97
Q

What are the three types of muscular tissue

A

striated/skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle

98
Q

What type of muscle is the only VOLUNTARY kind?

A

skeletal muscle

99
Q

Define Dendrites

A

neuron processes that convey incoming messages to the cell body

100
Q

Define AXONS

A

convey outgoing messages away from the cell body

101
Q

Define neuroglia

A

all supporting nerve tissue around the neuron

102
Q

Where are four places you’ll find epithelial tissue

A

skin that covers the body , cavities and passageways (mucous membranes), covering for internal and external vessel lining, and found on sense organs

103
Q

True or false there are no direct blood vessels in epithelial tissue

A

True

104
Q

Define Squamous epithelial and the difference between simple and stratified.

A

Squamous epithelial are scaled and plate like. Simple is one layer thick usually at the surface and stratified is more than one layer thick and is located in the epidermis of the skin

105
Q

Define columnar cells

A

greater height than width and are rectangular simple does not have cilia

106
Q

What is another name for stratified columnar cells that have cilia ?

A

Pseudo-stratified (fake feet)

107
Q

Define cuboidal cells , where can they be found?

A

cube shaped cells that can be found in glands and organs

108
Q

True or false cuboidal cells have transitional properties and can change shape to assist with specific functions of a location

A

True they can be found in renal pelvis, ureters, and urinary bladder

109
Q

What are the 6 functions of cuboidal cells?

A

protection, support, secretion, absorption, lubrication, and sensation to penetrating nerves

110
Q

What are the 6 functions of connective tissue?

A

separating, supporting, protecting, transporting, storing, cushioning, and insulating

111
Q

Describe areolar tissue(fascia)

A

supports tissues around the organs, muscles, and vessels. Can be superficial or deep

112
Q

Describe adipose tissue

A

modified areolar tissue with fat containing cells helps store fat and regulate body temp.

113
Q

Define Algor mortis

A

Cooling of the body after death . If they person was plump theyll saty warm longer . If thin they cool faster

114
Q

Describe Reticular tissue

A

areolar with fibers , thin cells wrapped around the fibers . mostly for frame work

115
Q

Describe Fribrous tissue

A

areolar tissue with white tough fibers that are NOT elastic

116
Q

True or false elastic tissue heals slowly

A

True !it has fewer nerves and blood supply

117
Q

Ligament connects ____ to ____ at joints

A

Bone

118
Q

Tendons connects ______to _____

A

muscle to bone

119
Q

Where can dense elastic tissue be found ?

A

lungs, trachea , arteries, and larynx

120
Q

What do you call the cells in cartilage? Do they have blood supply?

A

Chondrocytes, no direct blood supply

121
Q

mesenchyme a rich source for ____ cells

A

stem cells

122
Q

True or false bone is the hardest type of connective tissue

A

True

123
Q

True or false blood is a type of connective tissue

A

True , specialized CT made of cells and fragments suspended in a liquid matrix

124
Q

Blood is _ times thicker than water

A

5

125
Q

What is considered normal PH for blood?

A

7.35-7.45

126
Q

blood makes up _% of total body weight

A

8

127
Q

Define plasma

A

pale yellow fluid hat makes up a little more than half of the bloods composition

128
Q

True or false erythrocytes are 700 times more numerous than leukocytes

A

True

129
Q

Define leukyocytes

A

cells involved with immunity

130
Q

Neutrophils are macrophage and are prevalent in ___

A

pus

131
Q

Basophils release Histamine which promote _____

A

inflammation. Also releases heparin(prevents clotting )

132
Q

Eosinophils reduce ______-

A

inflammation

133
Q

True or false serous membrane does not contain glands but secretes serous fluid

A

True

134
Q

True or false mucous membranes lines the open cavities

A

True

135
Q

What is the largest organ of the body ?

A

skin

136
Q

Define pathology

A

Study of what is different or wrong with the body systems . Also study of disease and what they can cause

137
Q

anatomical position Prone

A

body lying on its face palms facing down

138
Q

anatomical position supine

A

body lying on its back , palms facing up

139
Q

Cranial Vs Caudal

A

Cranial toward the head , Caudal toward the tail

140
Q

Peripheral VS central

A

Peripheral outermost region, Central innermost region

141
Q

Afferent VS efferent

A

afferent going into , efferent going out

142
Q

Define bilateral symmetry

A

paired organs on both side of midsagital line (right and left side identical )

143
Q

Define a Vertical/mid sagittal plane:

A

a line passing through the umbilicus starting from the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis

144
Q

True or false epithelial has no direct blood vessels but may posses nerve endings

A

True

145
Q

Define squamous and the difference between simple and stratified

A

Scaled plate like flat cells.

Mort 163 Embalming Anatomy and Pathology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions