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Mort 163 Embalming Anatomy and Pathology > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two general roles of the vascular system?

A

Transport and gas exchange

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2
Q

What are the two roles of the vascular system in embalming?

A

Transport of embalming chemicals and distribution and diffusion of chemicals.

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3
Q

If you Inject into the common carotid artery what vein will you drain from?

A

internal jugular vein

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4
Q

If you Inject into the facial artery what vein will you drain from?

A

n/a

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5
Q

If you Inject into the Axillary artery what vein will you drain from?

A

Axillary vein

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6
Q

If you Inject into the Radial Artery what vein will you drain from?

A

n/a

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7
Q

If you inject into the Ulnar artery what vein will you drain from?

A

n/a

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8
Q

When injecting into vessels in the lower extremities which Artery is the only one that will also provide you with a drainage vein?

A

Inject into Femoral Artery and drain from the Femoral Vein.

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9
Q

Arteries always carry blood ____ the heart .

A

Arteries always carry blood away from the heart.

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10
Q

Which, veins or arteries have thicker walls ?

A

Arteries

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11
Q

What are the three layers of a vessel ?

A

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica externa

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12
Q

Which layer of a vessel is composed of a layer of smooth muscle?

A

Middle layer

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13
Q

Why are capillaries important to embalming?

A

They are the microscopic blood vessels that allow the diffusion of embalming fluid into the tissues

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14
Q

What are capillaries made of CT specifically for and found?

A

They connect the arterioles to the venules , they lack smooth muscle

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15
Q

Define anastomosis

A

Joining of two like parts where the capillary bed/network is bypassed.
Vessels that bypass the capillary bed/ network

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16
Q

Define Collateral Circulation.

A

Circulation that will go around an area , due to an arterial blockage.

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17
Q

Describe the shape of the heart

A

blunt, cone shape with a base end and an apex end

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18
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

In the mediastinum

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19
Q

The apex of the heart is located inferioir and deep to_________

A

5th intercostal space

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20
Q

True or false the heart is the size of your fist

A

True

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21
Q

What are the three layers of the heart ?

A

Endocardium
myocardium
epicardium

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22
Q

What Tunic of the heart has a layer of simple squamous epithelium over a layer of CT that is similar to the material of the valves

A

Endocardium

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23
Q

What Tunic of the heart is the thick muscle layer responsible for the ability of the heart to contract

A

Myocardium

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24
Q

Which Tunic of the heart is a serous membrane made of simple squamous epithelium over loose CT and fat

A

Epicardium

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25
Q

Oxygen rich blood enters the heart from the _____ and goes out to the ____

A

Oxygen rich blood enters the heart from the lungs and goes out to the body

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26
Q

Oxygen poor blood enters the heart from the ___ and goes out to the ___

A

Oxygen poor blood enters the heart from the body and goes out to the lungs

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27
Q

What is the membrane that is around the heart ?

A

pericardium

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28
Q

What are the two layers of the pericardium?

A

Serous layer

fibrous layer

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29
Q

What are the two components to the serious layer of the pericardium ?

A

Visceral(touches heart)

Parietal

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30
Q

What is the pericardial cavity filled with ?

A

serous, pericardial fluid

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31
Q

The atrium from which side of the heart receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cava .

A

Right Atrium

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32
Q

The Tricuspid valve is on what side of the heart ?

A

Right

33
Q

The bicuspid valve is on what side of the heart ?

A

Left

34
Q

Which Atrium will have the pulmonary veins?

A

Left

35
Q

Why do we have the fossa ovalis in the septum between both atria?

A

It is unnecessary for blood to circulate through the pulmonary systems while in the womb because the oxygen is obtained by the mother . The septum allows the blood to bypass the pulmonary system and go directly to the left atria of the heart where it will go down to the left ventricle then to aorta and rest of body

36
Q

The aortic orifice has what type of valve?

A

semi-lunar

37
Q

What is also known as the cardiac center?

A

Medulla Oblongata

38
Q

Where will the action potentials originate that make the heart beat?

A

The action potential originates in the Sinoatrial node and travels to the Atrioventricular node

39
Q

Chronologically list the 4 places an action potential will travel in the heart

A

SA node
AV node
Bundle of His
purkinje fibers

40
Q

What makes the “lub dub” sound of the heart?

A

The AV valve

41
Q

What makes the “lub “ sound ?

A

blood moving from the atria to the ventricles through the tricuspid and mitral valve

42
Q

What makes the “dub” sound?

A

blood moving from the ventricles through the semi lunar valve into the body.

43
Q

Which AV valve is smaller? right or left?

A

The left, Mitral/bicuspid valve is smaller than the right tricuspid valve

44
Q

Which ventricle wall is thicker? right or left?

A

The left ventricle wall is thicker because it has to push blood throughout the whole body. The right just allows blood in through the vena cava

45
Q

How many liters of blood will an adult at rest pump per minute?If excising?

A

5 liters , 35 liters

46
Q

What does starlings law say about the volume of blood?

A

amount that goes in determines volume being pumped out

47
Q

Systemic circulation is blood that ___

A

is rich in oxygen and travels through arteries to all parts of the body

48
Q

explain pulmonary circulation beginning with the right ventricle

A

deoxygenated blood leaves the right ventricle–> pulmonary arteries–>lungs–>pulmonary veins-> Left atrium

49
Q

From where does the Aorta arise?

A

Left Ventricle

50
Q

What arteries come off of the base of the Aorta?

A

Coronary arteries

51
Q

What are the three arteries that come off the arch of the Aorta?

A

Brachiocephalic
Left common Carotid
Left Subclavian

52
Q

Which of the three arteries that come off of the Aorta is an unpaired vessels?

A

Brachiocephalic artery on the right side of the body

53
Q

The brachiocephalic artery feeds what parts of the body?

A

right side of head, neck, and arms. Think Brachio(arm)and cephalic(head)

54
Q

The left and right common carotid arteries feed what parts of the body?

A

head and neck

55
Q

The right and left subclavian arteries feed what parts of the body?

A

upper limbs

56
Q

The celiac arteries(trunk or axis) supply what parts of the body?

A

stomach
spleen
liver

57
Q

The superior mesenteric artery supplies what parts of the body?

A

small intestine and upper portion of the colon

58
Q

The inferior mesentaric artery supplies what parts of the body

A

remaining lower potion of the colon

59
Q

The lumbar arteries feed what parts of the body?

A

vertebrae and muscles

60
Q

Median and sacral arteries feed what parts of the body?

A

inferior vertebrae

61
Q

Where do the common iliacs terminate and what do they become?

A

they terminate at the 5th lumbar vertebrae and become internal and external iliacs

62
Q

Which iliac artery feeds the pelvic area?

A

Internal illiac

63
Q

Which iliac artery feeds the lower limbs ?

A

External iliac

64
Q

How many openings are there in the human heart

A

11

65
Q

Brachiocephalic exists only on what side of the body

A

Right side

66
Q

Suprarenal arteries feeds what organ?

A

adrenal glands

67
Q

What does the right subclavian artery feeds?

A

upper arm

68
Q

What arteries does the circle of willis consist of?

A

basilar arteries , internal carotids

69
Q

True or false basilar and anterior communicating arteries are paired .

A

false

70
Q

____ always takes blood to the heart

A

veins

71
Q

Which of the two , arteries or veins have thinner walls?

A

veins

72
Q

What are the three layers of a vein and their description ?

A

Tunica Interna -valves to prevent back flow
Tunica media - muscle layer
Tunica externa- outer layer

73
Q

venae camitantes

A

paired veins on either side of an artery to leach off of their pulse and aid in venous return

74
Q

Inferior vena cava formed by the union of what two veins?

A

right and left common illiac veins

75
Q

Ductus arteriosus becomes______

A

ligamentum arteriosum

76
Q

What is the purpose of the Ductus arteriosus ?

A

to bypass the lungs

pulmonary trunk- aorta

77
Q

Foramen ovale becomes ____

A

Fossa ovalis

78
Q

What is the purpose of the foramen ovale

A

opening in the interatrial septum

Mort 163 Embalming Anatomy and Pathology (4 decks)

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