SECTION 2

Question 1

How did William use land to ensure loyalty?

Answer 1

When people agreed to support the King, in return they received land.

Question 2

How did William develop the feudal system to his advantage? (3)

Answer 2

1) Normans replaced Anglo Saxons.2) The King had far more power.3) The peasants were more exploited.

Question 3

How was the Norman feudal system different to the Anglo Saxon system?

Answer 3

It was more formal for example the Anglo Saxon kings raised armies from their tenant when they were needed but arrangements became more formal with knights guaranteeing a certain number of days service.

Question 4

Land holding was much more concentrated. Give an example.

Answer 4

In Anglo Saxon England about 4000 English thegns held land. By 1086 only 4 English thegns still held any.

Question 5

How did William learn from Edward the Confessor’s mistakes?

Answer 5

Edward had granted very large areas of land to his earls and they had got too powerful. William did not let any one person have too much land.

Question 6

How did William use his soldiers and marcher lords to control England? Refer to the feudal system.

Answer 6

In return for land, each tenant in chief (barons and bishops) offered loyalty and provided a certain number of knights. This was seen as a religious duty for knights.

Question 7

Why couldn’t William conquer Wales?

Answer 7

Because Wales was separated into 5 kingdoms each ruled by a warrior prince.

Question 8

Did William try conquering Wales?

Answer 8

Yes - on several occasions but he failed. The princes may not have swore loyalty to William in exchange for his protection but they were not very co operative and the border between England and Wales was constantly under threat.

Question 9

How did William protect himself from Wales? Refer to Marcher Lords.

Answer 9

Where he feared invasion or rebellion, he granted larger areas of land to his most trusted followers such as Earls of Hereford & Chester. These barons were known as the ‘Marcher Lords’ and they managed to protect it and were independent rulers in their areas.

Question 10

How did William use patronage?

Answer 10

He would grant land but also grant offices such as sheriffdoms to encourage loyalty.

Question 11

How did William use his role as king to better himself? (3)

Answer 11

He was the only one who could make laws for the whole kingdom.He alone could raise taxes on a national level.Certain more legal cases ‘royal pleas’ were only heard by the king or in the king’s courts.

Question 12

Why did William use the coronation ceremony?

Answer 12

To remind people how important he is he did this and to show he has God’s approval.

Question 13

What was ‘crown wearings’ and why did William do this?

Answer 13

3x a year, when his great council met, he would wear his crown to remind his followers of his unique role.

Question 14

Name the 5 different courts:

Answer 14

1) King’s court2) Shire courts3) Hundred courts4) Lord’s courts5) Manor courts

Question 15

Describe the King’s court briefly:

Answer 15

The most important court which dealt with serious offences such as murder and rape.

Question 16

Describe Shire Courts briefly:

Answer 16

They heard disputes over land or crimes involving violence or theft.

Question 17

Describe Hundred Courts briefly:

Answer 17

Held months and dealt with minor disputes.

Question 18

Describe the Lord’s Courts briefly:

Answer 18

These were introduced by the Norman’s for the lord to deal with his tenants. Not only sealed with crime and disputes but also supervised property transactions or made announcements of new laws from the King.

Question 19

Describe Manor Courts briefly:

Answer 19

Manor courts were the most minor courts that dealt with day to day life in the village such as ploughing being carried out badly or labour not being supplied.

Question 20

LAW ENFORCEMENTS.What were Constables?

Answer 20

They had the power to arrest people, break up fights and prevent fires. They held the key to STOCKS which was the punishment for some minor offences.

Question 21

LAW ENFORCEMENTS.What were WATCHMEN?

Answer 21

Most towns had one who tried to make sure people kept to the curfew. They prevented crime and tried to catch criminals. Most didn’t take job seriously.

Question 22

LAW ENFORCEMENTS.What is HUE AND CRY?

Answer 22

This was the system for catching criminals after an offence had occurred. They raised the alarm if they saw a crime and everyone who hears it had to help. If anyone ignored it, they would be fined.

Question 23

LAW ENFORCEMENTS.What was TITHING?

Answer 23

Group of 10-12 freemen that promised to prevent each other from committing a crime. If one did, they had to reveal the guilty or all would be punished.

Question 24

LAW ENFORCEMENTS.What was the MURDRUM FINE?

Answer 24

If a Norman was killed and their murderer had not been found within five days, the local community would be fined. This helped to reduce violent acts against the Normans and the fines went to the King.

Question 25

TRIAL BY ORDEAL.Explain briefly what happened in Trial by Cold Water:

Answer 25

The water was blessed by a priest and the pope believe the water would repel a sinner, so the guilty would float and the innocent would sink.

Question 26

TRIAL BY ORDEAL.Explain briefly what happened in Trial By Hot Iron:

Answer 26

The accused would carry a red hot iron in their hand for 3 paces. Their hand would be bound and inspected 3 days later. If it was infected, they are guilty. If not, they are innocent.

Question 27

Explain briefly what happens in TRIAL BY BATTLE:

Answer 27

The battle took place between the accused and the accuser. The theory was that God would help the innocent person win.

Question 28

What happened if the accused was found innocent?

Answer 28

The accuser would be punished for a false claim - they had to pay compensation to both the King and to the accused.

Question 29

What happened if the accused was found guilty in a minor offence?

Answer 29

They would pay compensation to the victim.

Question 30

What happened if the accused was found guilty for a serious offence such as murder?

Answer 30

Freemen had a value out on their life known as WERGILD (man price) which would be paid to the family.

Question 31

How were serious offences usually punished with the Norman’s?

Answer 31

Hanging or physical mutilation such as being blinded.

Question 32

Life under the Normans.What was work like with poor people?

Answer 32

Their work changed very little and peasants worked long hours by hand. They struggled to grow food in the winter too.

Question 33

Life under the Normans.How was the poor people’s diet?

Answer 33

They ate whatever they could grow so they had a very simple diet which was healthier than the rich as it consisted of dairy, fruit and porridge.

Question 34

Life under the Normans.How was the poor people’s houses?

Answer 34

Dark, damp and smokey houses where animals would be in at night. Their hygiene was very poor which led to a short life.

Question 35

Life under the Normans.What was work like for the rich people?

Answer 35

Lords/bishops were the richest people. Their income came from land farmed by the tenants - they did not physically work hard.

Question 36

Life under the Normans.What was the diet for the rich like?

Answer 36

Not many fresh vegetables or fruit and included lots of meat. Rich people had bad teeth and rickets as they had an unbalanced and unhealthy diet.

Question 37

Why did towns grow?

Answer 37

Towns grew as trading centres mainly: livestock, fish, salt and wool. Towns attracted people who wanted to set up their own shops and businesses.

Question 38

What features might you see in a Norman town? (3)

Answer 38

1) churches and religious houses such as monasteries.2) a market place.3) wooden houses built close together.

Question 39

What kind of jobs were common in towns under the Normans? (3)

Answer 39

1) bakers and butchers.2) craftsmen as towns were centres of trades.3) apothecaries.

Question 40

Why did William surgery the country? (Domesday Survey)

Answer 40

1085 - England faced invasion and William got soldiers but needed money to play but the invasion never happened. The domesday surgery meant he would know who owed him military service, tax and people with disputes over land took up court time.

Question 41

How was the Domesday book split up?

Answer 41

Little Domesday and Great Domesday.

Question 42

What does Great Domesday have in it?

Answer 42

It covered 6 areas. The rest, Norfolk, Suffolk and Essex are in the Little Domesday book.

Question 43

How much towns and villages were recorded in the Domesday books?

Answer 43

13,418.

Question 44

How was the Domesday Survey gathered?

Answer 44

The country was divided into 7 courts. At first existing information was collected then the visits began. Three or four commissions were responsible for each circuit, they toured and asked questions.

Question 45

What areas weren’t included in the Domesday Survey, why?

Answer 45

Westmorland and Cumberland because they were not yet fully controlled by the Normans.