Section 15: Genes, Gene Replication, And Gene Therapy

Question 0

Diploid

Answer 0

Eukaryotes that have two copies of each chromosome

Question 1

Gene

Answer 1

DNA coding sequence with upstream control sequences for a single protein

Question 2

Haploid

Answer 2

Prokaryotes that contain one copy of chromosome

Question 3

Frederick Griffith

Answer 3

He showed that capsular production could be restored to a capsular mutant from dead, wild-type bacteria

Question 4

Oswald Avery

Answer 4

Showed that the bacterial substance that caused transformation was DNase sensitive, providing strong evidence that transferral of DNA rather than protein or RNA was necessary for capsule production

Question 5

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase Experiment

Answer 5

Confirm that DNA, rather than protein, is the genetic material

Question 6

DNA Replication

Answer 6

Produces to double-stranded DNA molecules identical to the starting DNA

Question 7

DNA Proofreading

Answer 7

Test to see if the newly added nucleotides are complementary to the template. If they are not complementary, DNA polymerase removes and replaces them with a new nucleotide

Question 8

Gene Therapy

Answer 8

Treatment of disease by introducing wild-type genes into a human or other organism that may lack them

Question 9

Wild-Type Bacterium

Answer 9

Bacterium lacking mutations
All genes functioning normally
Has a capsule

Question 10

Mutant

Answer 10

Defective gene