Section 1.4 Musculoskeletal system and analysis of movement Flashcards
What are the articulating bones at the shoulder joint?
Humerus and scapula
What are the articulating bones at the hip joint?
Femur and pelvis
What are the articulating bones at the elbow joint?
Humerus, radius and ulna
What are the articulating bones at the knee joint?
Femur and tibia
What are the articulating bones at the ankle joint?
Tibia, fibula and talus
What are the characteristics of a ball and socket joint?
Allows movement in every direction
What are the characteristics of a hinge joint?
Only allow movement in one direction, due to the shape of the articulating bones
What is the sagittal plane?
Divides the body into right and left halves (extension/flexion)
What is the frontal plane?
Divides the body into front and back halves (abduction/adduction)
What is the transverse plane?
Divides the body into upper and lower halves (rotation, horizontal abduction and adduction)
What is the transverse axis?
Runs from side to side across the body (extension/flexion)
What is the sagittal axis?
Runs from front to back (abduction/adduction)
What is the longitudinal axis?
runs from top to bottom (rotation, horizontal abduction / adduction)
Flexion?
Decreasing the angle between the bones of a joint
Extension?
Increasing the angle between the bones of a joint
Plantar-flexion?
Pointing the toes/pushing up onto your toes
Dorsi-flexion?
Pulling the toes up to the shin
Hyper-extension?
Increasing the angle beyond 180 between the bones and the joint
Abduction?
Movement of a body part away from the midline of the body
Adduction?
Movement of a body part towards the midline of the body
Horizontal abduction?
Movement of a body part forward while it is held parallel to the ground
Horizontal adduction?
Movement of a body part backwards whilst i is parallel to the ground
What is the definition of the term agonist?
The muscle that is responsible for the movement that is occurring
What is the definition of the term antagonist?
The muscle that works in opposition to the agonist to help produce a coordinated movement
What are the muscles working during elbow flexion?
Agonist=Biceps
Antagonist=Triceps
What are the muscles working during ankle plantar-flexion?
Agonist=Gastrocnemius
Antagonist=Tibialis anterior
What are the muscles working during knee flexion?
Agonist=Hamstrings
Antagonist=quadriceps
What are the muscles working during Hip flexion?
Agonist=Hip flexors (iliopsoas)
Antagonist=Gluteals
What are the muscles working during
Agonist=
Antagonist=
What are the muscles working during Hip adduction?
Agonist= adductors (adductor brevis/longus/magnus)
Antagonist= tensor fascia latae and gluteus medius/minimus
What are the muscles working during Hip horizontal adduction?
Agonist= Adductors (adductor brevis/longus/magnus)
Antagonist= Tensor facia latae and gluteus medius/minimus
What are the muscles working during shoulder flexion?
Agonist=Anterior deltoid
Antagonist=latissimus dorsi
What are the muscles working during shoulder horizontal adduction
Agonist= Latissimus dorsi
Antagonist= pectorals
What are the muscles working during shoulder adduction?
Agonist=posterior deltoid and latissimus dorsi
Antagonist= middle deltoid and supraspinatus
What is a concentric contraction?
When a muscle shortens under tension
What is an eccentric contraction?
When a muscle lengthens under tension or performs negative work and acts like a break
What is an isometric contraction?
When a muscle contracts without lengthening or shortening, no movement occurs
What is an isotonic contraction ?
When a muscle contracts to create a movement
