Section 10 Flashcards
What is the kinetic-molecular theory for gas?
The speed of molecular motion is dependent on the amount of energy present.
What are the 5 assumptions of the kinetic-molecular theory?
- Gas molecules are far apart. 2. Molecular collisions are elastic. 3. Gas molecules are always moving. 4. Gas molecules don’t attract each other. 5. Gas temperature depends on kinetic energy.
What is the difference between ideal and real gas?
An Ideal Gas has follows the kinetic molecular theory wheras a Real Gas does not at High Pressure and low temperature (liquid).
Explain how the kinetic-molecular theory accounts for the diffusion and effusion of gases?
In Diffusion, gases will spread out and mix with one another, even without being stirred. The gas will mix uniformly, and in continuous motion. The rates of Effusion of different gases are directly proportional to the velocities of their particles.
What’s the difference between gases and liquids?
Liquids attract to each other, gases are spread apart.
What is temperature?
Average kinetic energy = temperature
What is the diffusion of a liquid, solid and gas?
Diffusion is faster in gases, than liquids, and none in solids.
What are the accounts of gases?
Expansion, fludity, compressibility, low density.
Define Diffusion
Diffusion is the spontaneous mixing of the particles of the two substances caused by their random motion.
What is the difference of diffusion in solids, liquids, and gas?
In gas, diffusion is fast, than liquids, and least in solid.
Define Effusion
Effusion is a process by which gas particles pass through a tiny opening. (the warmer the process is, the faster it occurs.)
What is the difference of compressibility in solids, liquids, and gas?
Solids are incompressible since it is completely packed. Gases are compressible since they are spread apart, Liquids are less compressible since they are closely packed and have forces of attraction.
How does pressure affect a car?
It will pop.
What is the similarity between diffusion and effusion?
Gases mix
Which doesn’t apply to liquids? Sublimation, surface tension, evaporation, erration?
Erration
Do solid particles move far?
No, they are compressed together.
What is the density between solids, liquids, and gas?
Solid is slightly less than dense a liquid, gas has the lowest density.
What does High Density apply to?
Temperature and pressure
What is an example of an amorphous solid?
Glass
Define Crystalline Solid
A solid in which the particle are arranged in an orderly 3-dimensional called a lattice. The smallest portion exhibiting this arrangement is a “unit cell.”
Why can a molecule exaporate or float?
The energy of the molecule is great enough to overcome the cohesive properties of the liquid.
Define Triple Point
It indicates the temperature and pressure conditions at which the solid, liquid, and vapor of the substance can coexist at equilibrium.
Define Volatile liquids
Liquids that evaporate readily, easily
What is the difference of cohesive and adhesive?
Cohesive Forces come from intermolecular attractive forces (water molecules interacting with water molecules), where as adhesive forces are from the attractive forces between the water molecules and a surface.
What are the 4 unusual properties of water accounted by hydrogen bonding?
- Polarity of a molecule. 2. High Enthalpy of Fusion, Boiling Point, Enthalpy of Vaporization. 3. Solid form less dense than liquid. 4. Cohesive and adhesive properties
What are the 4 types of Crystals?
Ionic, covalent- network, metallic, covalent-molecular according to the types of particles in them and the types of chemical bonding that holds them together.
Define Capillary Action.
The attraction of the surface of a liquid to the surface of a solid
What does STP mean?
Standard Temperature: 0 degrees. and Pressure: 101.3 kPa, 760 mmHg, 760 Torr, 1 atm
