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Russia 1894-1941 > Section 1 tsar Nicholas II > Flashcards

Section 1 tsar Nicholas II Flashcards

1
Q

What laws did Stolypin introduce about voting?

A

He restricted voting to the propertied classes

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2
Q

What was the consequence of this?

A

The 3rd and 4th Dumas were heavily right wing

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3
Q

What right did the 3rd duma exercise?

A

It’s right to question state finances and ministers

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4
Q

What did it use its committee system for?

A

Make important proposals for modernising the army

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5
Q

What social-reform measures did it introduce?

A

Setting up schools for the poor and national insurance

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6
Q

How long did the 4th duma last?

A

1912-14

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7
Q

Who made up the fourth Duma?

A

Those who made up the 3rd duma

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8
Q

What did it criticise the government about?

A

Lena Goldfield incident and heavy oppression of working class protest

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9
Q

What did it lay down the basis of?

A

State welfare

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10
Q

Why did it dissolve?

A

It dissolved itself at the start of WW1

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11
Q

What could it have done if the tsar was more supportive?

A

Introduce reforms and help development

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12
Q

What did a Moscow Okhrana report claim?

A

That a lot of Russias tension came from the questions raised by the duma

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13
Q

What did rodzianko plea to the tsar

A

That he clarify the role of the Duma so that it could play a constructive role in the development of Russia

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14
Q

Why were peasants willing to accept grim factory conditions?

A

Due to higher wages

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15
Q

What did recurrent recessions cause?

A

Widespread unemployment

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16
Q

What did widespread unemployment cause ?

A

Peasants to be on the streets which added to tensions

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17
Q

What did terror tactics do?

A

Add to tensions

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18
Q

How much did strikes increase by from 1911-14?

A

Over 2000

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19
Q

What did they have difficulty distinguishing between?

A

Strikes for better pay and strikes for political protest

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20
Q

What did miners in Siberia demand?

A

Better pay and conditions

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21
Q

What did their employers appeal for?

A

The strikers to be arrested as criminals

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22
Q

What happened when the police moved into Lena?

A

Strikers closed ranks and police opened fire, killing and injuring a large number of strikers

23
Q

How many victims of acts of terrorism were there?

A

17,000

24
Q

What did Guchkov warn in his 1913 conference?

A

That the government blindness was driving Russia closer to revolution

25
Q

What had alarmed Russia about the growth of a united Germany?

A

That having a powerful nation in Central Europe would mean that they wanted to expand eastwards

26
Q

What alarmed Russia about the formation of austro-Hungarian empire?

A

That Austria would build on its new strength by an expansionist policy in south-east Europe

27
Q

What worried Russia about the decline of the Ottoman Empire?

A

That many would seek independence from their rule and threaten Russian interest in the balkans

28
Q

Who did Russia believe it had a duty to protect?

A

the Slav Christian people’s of balkans

29
Q

Why was it necessary to ensure straits didn’t come under control of hostile power?

A

75% of grain exports came through the Dardanelles and the interruption of ships through this passage would effect Russia

30
Q

What was Russia reluctant to take?

A

Diplomatic initiative

31
Q

Despite this, what were they willing to do?

A

Enter alliances to protect its western borders

32
Q

How did the German chancellor encourage agreements?

A

He played on their fears of becoming isolated

33
Q

What frightened Russia into looking for agreements with other powers?

A

Germanys intention of joining with Austria to assert German influence of the balkans

34
Q

What startling move did Austro-Hungary make in 1908?

A

They annexed the Balkan state of Bosnia

35
Q

Why did the Austrian counterpart urge the Russian foreign minister to accept this?

A

To create greater stability in the Balkan region

36
Q

What did he agree for in return?

A

The promise that it would accept Russias unrestricted right to the use of the Dardanelles

37
Q

How did the Austrians not follow this promise?

A

They didn’t make any effort to encourage international recognition if Russias use of the dardanelles

38
Q

What was the aim of the schlieffen plan?

A

To avoid a two-front war against France and Russia

39
Q

What did Nicholas sign on the 30th July 1914?

A

Full mobilisation

40
Q

What did he hope to do by signing this?

A

Leave Russia free to hold back from war

41
Q

Why did Germany declare war on Russia?

A

Because Germany wanted them to cease their mobilisation, but received no response from Russia

42
Q

What do George Kennan and leopold Haimson argue?

A

That the regime would have collapsed- war or no war

43
Q

Why were the revolutionary parties considered incapable of mounting a successful assault of the tsar?

A

They were only on the fringe of political opposition

44
Q

Where were the leading figures of revolutionary parties?

A

Mostly in exile

45
Q

Why did Germany fear Russia?

A

They considered the, a great military force with vast resources

46
Q

What was the tsars estimate about his peoples loyalty?

A

That 4/5ths of his people were dedicated and loyal

47
Q

What persistent problems didn’t indicate the tsars doom?

A

Social disparity and poverty

48
Q

Where was growth seen in the railways?

A

The trans-Siberian railway was bringing Russias distant provinces in touch with the centre.

49
Q

What did migration and resettlement allow for?

A

Natural and Human Resources to be utilised

50
Q

How much had economy and agriculture grown?

A

By 6%

51
Q

How much of the population consisted of peasantry by 1914?

A

4/5ths

52
Q

What was the view of Alex Nove?

A

That Russia could have lead a reasonable existence had the growth in industry and agriculture persisted

53
Q

What was the view of David Christian?

A

Many areas of Russia remained loyal to tsardom after 1914

54
Q
A

Russia 1894-1941 (7 decks)

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