Provisional government (section 2) Flashcards
How long did the PG last?
8 months
Who led the PG at first?
Prince Lvov
What was a criticism of the pg?
It wasn’t an electedvbody
Why was its authority limited?
Due to its unofficial partnership with the soviet
What did it first want to act as?
A supervisory who made sure workers and soldiers rights were listened to
Where were soviets set up?
In all major towns
Who were the majority in the soviets?
Mensheviks and SRs
What was this shared power known as?
Dual authority
What did soviet order number 1 declare?
That in military matters the orders of the pg were only to be obeyed if it didn’t contradict soviet orders
What did dual authority contain a broad balance of?
Political representation
What did events push the pg and soviet to?
Pg- right
Soviets-left
How long did they make industrial days for workers?
8 hours
What did they legally recognise?
Trade unions
What were the tsarist police replaced with?
People’s militia
What rights were granted?
Civil rights and freedoms
What did they prepare for?
The election of a constituent assembly
What did the pg early achievements fail to include
Issues on war and land
Who were the first of the Bolsheviks to return?
Stalin and Kamenev
What did Lenin’s ‘letters from afar’ urge?
Not to work with pg or any other parties
What did Lenin demand the war turn into?
A class war where soldiers should turn their weapons against their own officers
What did the Bolsheviks do despite Lenin’s urging?
Cooperated with the pg and other parties
How did Lenin return ?
In a sealed train organised by the German government
Why did Germany give financial support to Lenin?
In hopes that they would seize power and pull Russia out of the war
What were the April theses?
A series of statements set out by Lenin upon his return
What did he demand the Bolsheviks to abandon
Cooperation with other parties
Who did he want to transfer power to?
Workers
Who did he demand the power be passed to
Soviets
What did Lenin perceive the Soviets as
A power base on which a Bolshevik takeover could be organised
What was Lenin’s main slogan?
Peace, bread and land
What did his slogan deal with?
The issues that the pg couldn’t resolve
Why did Russia feel like they had to continue in war?
Because they were dependent on foreign loans
What did keeping Russia in the war mean for the pg?
It meant that it severely tainted their chance at survival
What did the ministerial crisis demonstrate?
The division between the pg and the Soviets
What did the Soviets call for?
Peace without indemnities
What did the foreign minister call for
Pledged that they would keep fighting
What was kerenskys role
Foreign minister after resignation of milyukov
What did kerensky think of the war?
That it was a crusade and they needed to defeat Germany to save the revolution
What kind of position was Russia in?
An impossible one, where their fortune could not be turned around in war
What could the pg not claim?
The loyalty of the Russian people
What would the pg be judged on?
How well it dealt with issues
What gave the soviet great prominence?
The pg was unsure in its own authority
Why was there excitement across Russia when the pg emerged?
Political groups felt that real freedom had been achieved and people felt it was a new era
Why was there a willingness to maintain state authority?
So that the new liberty woukdnt slip into anarchy
Who began the process of destruction of the pg
Lenin
What did kamenev and Stalin believe the best policy for war was?
International negotiation
What was accommodationism?
The idea of cooperating with other parties and the government
Why did Lenin argue that the main issues couldn’t be dealt with in Russia?
The pg was focused only on the own interests of their class
Why did Lenin argue that they didn’t want to supply food or reform?
Be sued it guaranteed their property rights and privilege
Why did foreign bankers visit Russia after the tsars abdication?
To ensure that the new regime would continue the war
What caused loss of support for the government?
The army weren’t successful
What did Kerensky appeal for in his speeches on the front line?
For the soldiers to lay down their lives for Russia
What happened with the offensive on the south-western line?
They failed badly with Austria inflicting heavy losses
What did general kornilov call for?
The pg to halt offences and focus on the political subversives at home
When did Kerensky become prime minister
8 July
