Section 1: structures and functions of living organisms

Question 1

what eight basic characteristics do all living organisms share?

Answer 1

Movement
Reproductiom
Sensitivity
Growth
Excretion
Nutrition
Homeostasis

Question 2

what are organelles?

Answer 2

small structures within cells

Question 3

what organelles are found in an animal cell? (3)

Answer 3

nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm

Question 4

what is the role of the nucleus in a cell?

Answer 4

contains the genetic material that controls the cell’s activity. It is surrounded by its own membrane

Question 5

what is the role of the cell membrane?

Answer 5

controls what goes in and out of the cell

Question 6

what is the role of the cytoplasm?

Answer 6

gel-like, where most of the cell’s chemical reactions occur. Contains enzymes which control these reactions

Question 7

which organelles are found in a plant cell? (6)

Answer 7

nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, vacuole

Question 8

what is the role of the chloroplasts?

Answer 8

PHOTOSYNTHESIS- makes food for the plant. Contain chlorophyll which is green and also involved in photosynthesis

Question 9

what is the role of the cell wall? what is it made of?

Answer 9

surrounds cell membrane and supports/strengthens the cell. Rigid structure made of cellulose

Question 10

what is the role of the vacuole? what does it contain?

Answer 10

helps support the cell, contains cell sap made from sugar&salts

Question 11

what is a tissue?

Answer 11

a group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function. Can contain more than one cell type

Question 12

what is an organ?

Answer 12

a group of different tissues that work together to perform a function.

Question 13

what is an organ system?

Answer 13

organs working together to do a defferent job, eg the stomach, intestines, pancreas and liver form the digestive system

Question 14

plants and animals are m___________r

Answer 14

multicellular

Question 15

can fungi photosynthesise?

Answer 15

no

Question 16

what do animals store carbohydrates in the form of?

Answer 16

gycogen

Question 17

what do fungi store carbohydrate in the form of?

Answer 17

glycogen

Question 18

most fungi feed by saprotrophic nutrition. What is this?

Answer 18

they secrete extracellular enzymes into the area outside their body to dissolve their food so they can then absorb the nutrients

Question 19

what kind of fungus is yeast an example of?

Answer 19

single-celled

Question 20

what is the structure of fungi which aren’t single-celled?

Answer 20

they have a body called a mycelium which is made up of thread like hyphae which contain lots of nuclei

Question 21

what are the cell walls of fungi made of?

Answer 21

chitin

Question 22

are protoctists and bacteria single-celled or multicellular

Answer 22

single-celled

Question 23

give an example of a protoctist that is similar to an animal cell? where does it live?

Answer 23

amoeba lives in pond water

Question 24

give an example of a protoctist that is similar to a plant cell?

Answer 24

chlorella

Question 25

what organelles do bacteria contain? (5)

Answer 25

cell wall, cytoplasm, circular chromosome, plasmids, cell membrane

Question 26

what are plasmids?

Answer 26

extra bits of DNA

Question 27

give an example of a bacterium used to make yoghurt. What is its shape and how does it help make yoghurt?

Answer 27

Lactobacillus bulgaricus it can be used to make milk go sour and turn into yoghurt. It is rod-shaped

Question 28

what are DNA and RNA made up of?

Answer 28

nucleic acid

Question 29

why are viruses sometimes not classed as living organisms?

Answer 29

thay need living cells (a host) to reproduce - parasites

Question 30

what surrounds the DNA or RNA in a virus?

Answer 30

a protein coat

Question 31

why are viruses smaller than bacteria?

Answer 31

they are particles rather than cells

Question 32

give two examples of viruses and state which illness they cause

Answer 32

HIV- aids | influenza virus- flu

Question 33

how does the tabacco mosaic virus affect tobacco plants??

Answer 33

makes their leaves discoloured by stopping them from producing chloroplasts

Question 34

what is a pathogen?

Answer 34

a disease causing organism

Question 35

what are enzymes made of?

Answer 35

chains of amino acids; they are proteins

Question 36

what is a substrate?

Answer 36

a molecule that is changed in a reaction

Question 37

what happens in the active site of an enzyme?

Answer 37

the substrate joins on to the enzyme