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Biology based on CGP > Section 1: structures and functions of living organisms > Flashcards

Section 1: structures and functions of living organisms Flashcards

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1
Q

what eight basic characteristics do all living organisms share?

A 
Movement
Reproductiom
Sensitivity
Growth
Excretion
Nutrition
Homeostasis
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2
Q

what are organelles?

A

small structures within cells

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3
Q

what organelles are found in an animal cell? (3)

A

nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm

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4
Q

what is the role of the nucleus in a cell?

A

contains the genetic material that controls the cell’s activity. It is surrounded by its own membrane

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5
Q

what is the role of the cell membrane?

A

controls what goes in and out of the cell

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6
Q

what is the role of the cytoplasm?

A

gel-like, where most of the cell’s chemical reactions occur. Contains enzymes which control these reactions

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7
Q

which organelles are found in a plant cell? (6)

A

nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, vacuole

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8
Q

what is the role of the chloroplasts?

A

PHOTOSYNTHESIS- makes food for the plant. Contain chlorophyll which is green and also involved in photosynthesis

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9
Q

what is the role of the cell wall? what is it made of?

A

surrounds cell membrane and supports/strengthens the cell. Rigid structure made of cellulose

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10
Q

what is the role of the vacuole? what does it contain?

A

helps support the cell, contains cell sap made from sugar&salts

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11
Q

what is a tissue?

A

a group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function. Can contain more than one cell type

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12
Q

what is an organ?

A

a group of different tissues that work together to perform a function.

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13
Q

what is an organ system?

A

organs working together to do a defferent job, eg the stomach, intestines, pancreas and liver form the digestive system

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14
Q

plants and animals are m___________r

A

multicellular

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15
Q

can fungi photosynthesise?

A

no

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16
Q

what do animals store carbohydrates in the form of?

A

gycogen

17
Q

what do fungi store carbohydrate in the form of?

A

glycogen

18
Q

most fungi feed by saprotrophic nutrition. What is this?

A

they secrete extracellular enzymes into the area outside their body to dissolve their food so they can then absorb the nutrients

19
Q

what kind of fungus is yeast an example of?

A

single-celled

20
Q

what is the structure of fungi which aren’t single-celled?

A

they have a body called a mycelium which is made up of thread like hyphae which contain lots of nuclei

21
Q

what are the cell walls of fungi made of?

A

chitin

22
Q

are protoctists and bacteria single-celled or multicellular

A

single-celled

23
Q

give an example of a protoctist that is similar to an animal cell? where does it live?

A

amoeba lives in pond water

24
Q

give an example of a protoctist that is similar to a plant cell?

A

chlorella

25
Q

what organelles do bacteria contain? (5)

A

cell wall, cytoplasm, circular chromosome, plasmids, cell membrane

26
Q

what are plasmids?

A

extra bits of DNA

27
Q

give an example of a bacterium used to make yoghurt. What is its shape and how does it help make yoghurt?

A

Lactobacillus bulgaricus it can be used to make milk go sour and turn into yoghurt. It is rod-shaped

28
Q

what are DNA and RNA made up of?

A

nucleic acid

29
Q

why are viruses sometimes not classed as living organisms?

A

thay need living cells (a host) to reproduce - parasites

30
Q

what surrounds the DNA or RNA in a virus?

A

a protein coat

31
Q

why are viruses smaller than bacteria?

A

they are particles rather than cells

32
Q

give two examples of viruses and state which illness they cause

A

HIV- aids

influenza virus- flu

33
Q

how does the tabacco mosaic virus affect tobacco plants??

A

makes their leaves discoloured by stopping them from producing chloroplasts

34
Q

what is a pathogen?

A

a disease causing organism

35
Q

what are enzymes made of?

A

chains of amino acids; they are proteins

36
Q

what is a substrate?

A

a molecule that is changed in a reaction

37
Q

what happens in the active site of an enzyme?

A

the substrate joins on to the enzyme

Biology based on CGP (8 decks)

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