Section 1 - Sports Phychology

Question 1

What is a skill ?

Answer 1

A learned action to bring about the result you want with certainty and minimum effort

Question 2

What is an ability ?

Answer 2

a person’s set of characteristics that affect their potential to learn a skill

Question 3

What are the different types of skill e.g. open/closed ?

Answer 3

open / closed
basic / complex
self / externally paced
gross / fine

Question 4

What are basic / complex skills ?

Answer 4

basic = doesn’t need much thought or decision-making to do e.g running.

complex = lots of thought or decision-making to do e.g overhead kick in football

Question 5

What are open / closed skills ?

Answer 5

open = changing environment, have to adapt based on external factors

closed = not affected by external factors, predictable environment

Question 6

What are self / externally paced skills ?

Answer 6

self = performer decides when to start and how quickly it is done

external = external factors control when it starts and how quickly its done

Question 7

What are gross / fine skills ?

Answer 7

gross = involves power and large muscle groups (long jump)

fine = involves smaller muscle groups and accuracy (darts)

Question 8

What are performance goals ?

Answer 8

improving your own personal performance

Question 9

What are outcome goals ?

Answer 9

performing better than other people e.g. winning

Question 10

what goals would benefit a beginner?

Answer 10

Performance - winning might be unrealistic + demotivating if they lose

Question 11

What is used to help set goals ?

Answer 11

Specific - target and training plan

Measurable - how much progress has been made

Accepted / achievable - agreed with coach

Realistic - you can reach them, physically able, resources, time, facilities

Time-bound - set a deadline for your goal, keeps you motivated

Question 12

What are the 4 stages of the basic information processing model?

Answer 12

Input
Decision making
Output
Feedback

Question 13

What are the 4 types of guidance

Answer 13

Verbal
Visual
Manual
Mechanical

Question 14

What are the advantages and disadvantages of VERBAL guidance ?

Answer 14

Advantages
combined with other type of guidance
helpful for elite performers (technical lang.)
can be given during demonstration

Disadvantages
less useful for complex skills - difficult to explain
confusing to beginners

Question 15

What are the advantages and disadvantages of VISUAL guidance ?

Answer 15

Advantages
good for beginners - copy skill
teach closed skills
videos + elite performers

Disadvantages
no complex or open skills - difficult to copy
must be clear for beginners

Question 16

What are the advantages and disadvantages of MANUAL guidance ?

Answer 16

Advantages
good for beginners - get the “feel”
helpful for complex skills

Disadvantages
performers begin to rely on it
difficult in big groups

Question 17

What are the advantages and disadvantages of MECHANICAL guidance ?

Answer 17

Advantages
useful for beginners because they feel safe when practicing dangerous skills
good for complex skills

Disadvantages
may not be able to perform skills without equipment
difficult in larger groups

Question 18

What are the types of feedback ?

Answer 18

Intrinsic
Extrinsic
Positive
Negative

Question 19

What is intrinsic feedback ?

Answer 19

what it ‘feels’ like (kinaesthetic feedback)
best for elite performers
they can judge how well they’ve performed

Question 20

What is extrinsic feedback ?

Answer 20

someone else tells you how to improve - suited to beginners

Question 21

What are the types of knowledge ?

Answer 21

knowledge of performance - did you use the correct movements / techniques - can be intrinsic or extrinsic (elite performers)

knowledge of results - what was the outcome - usually extrinsic - can include data

Question 22

Definition of arousal

Answer 22

How mentally and physically alert you are

Question 23

How do you control arousal levels ?

Answer 23

deep breathing
self talk
mental imagery

Question 24

How can you mentally prepare for sport?

Answer 24

Mental rehearsal/ visualisation/ imagery- imagining feeling in muscles when perfectly performing a skill

Deep breathing - helps lower heart rate makes you feel more calm

Positive self-talk - telling yourself positive things that will motivate you or reassure you that you can perform well

Question 25

What are the two types of agression?

Answer 25

Direct - physical contact with another person e.g rugby scrum

Indirect - aiming aggression at object e.g golfer to golf ball

Question 26

What are the types of motivation ?

Answer 26

intrinsic motivation
- motivation from the enjoyment e.g. pride, self-esteem

extrinsic motivation
- motivation through rewards e.g. money, trophies

intrinsic is more effective

Question 27

What are introverts ?

Answer 27

prefer solo sports
fine skills, high concentration, low arousal
quiet
shy
archery, snooker, athletics

Question 28

What are extroverts ?

Answer 28

get bored when alone
prefer team sports
fast paced sports
gross skills, low concentration
hockey, rugby, football