Section 1 - Sports Phychology Flashcards
What is a skill ?
A learned action to bring about the result you want with certainty and minimum effort
What is an ability ?
a person’s set of characteristics that affect their potential to learn a skill
What are the different types of skill e.g. open/closed ?
open / closed
basic / complex
self / externally paced
gross / fine
What are basic / complex skills ?
basic = doesn’t need much thought or decision-making to do e.g running.
complex = lots of thought or decision-making to do e.g overhead kick in football
What are open / closed skills ?
open = changing environment, have to adapt based on external factors
closed = not affected by external factors, predictable environment
What are self / externally paced skills ?
self = performer decides when to start and how quickly it is done
external = external factors control when it starts and how quickly its done
What are gross / fine skills ?
gross = involves power and large muscle groups (long jump)
fine = involves smaller muscle groups and accuracy (darts)
What are performance goals ?
improving your own personal performance
What are outcome goals ?
performing better than other people e.g. winning
what goals would benefit a beginner?
Performance - winning might be unrealistic + demotivating if they lose
What is used to help set goals ?
Specific - target and training plan
Measurable - how much progress has been made
Accepted / achievable - agreed with coach
Realistic - you can reach them, physically able, resources, time, facilities
Time-bound - set a deadline for your goal, keeps you motivated
What are the 4 stages of the basic information processing model?
Input
Decision making
Output
Feedback
What are the 4 types of guidance
Verbal
Visual
Manual
Mechanical
What are the advantages and disadvantages of VERBAL guidance ?
Advantages
combined with other type of guidance
helpful for elite performers (technical lang.)
can be given during demonstration
Disadvantages
less useful for complex skills - difficult to explain
confusing to beginners
What are the advantages and disadvantages of VISUAL guidance ?
Advantages
good for beginners - copy skill
teach closed skills
videos + elite performers
Disadvantages
no complex or open skills - difficult to copy
must be clear for beginners
What are the advantages and disadvantages of MANUAL guidance ?
Advantages
good for beginners - get the “feel”
helpful for complex skills
Disadvantages
performers begin to rely on it
difficult in big groups
What are the advantages and disadvantages of MECHANICAL guidance ?
Advantages
useful for beginners because they feel safe when practicing dangerous skills
good for complex skills
Disadvantages
may not be able to perform skills without equipment
difficult in larger groups
What are the types of feedback ?
Intrinsic
Extrinsic
Positive
Negative
What is intrinsic feedback ?
what it ‘feels’ like (kinaesthetic feedback)
best for elite performers
they can judge how well they’ve performed
What is extrinsic feedback ?
someone else tells you how to improve - suited to beginners
What are the types of knowledge ?
knowledge of performance - did you use the correct movements / techniques - can be intrinsic or extrinsic (elite performers)
knowledge of results - what was the outcome - usually extrinsic - can include data
Definition of arousal
How mentally and physically alert you are
How do you control arousal levels ?
deep breathing
self talk
mental imagery
How can you mentally prepare for sport?
Mental rehearsal/ visualisation/ imagery- imagining feeling in muscles when perfectly performing a skill
Deep breathing - helps lower heart rate makes you feel more calm
Positive self-talk - telling yourself positive things that will motivate you or reassure you that you can perform well
What are the two types of agression?
Direct - physical contact with another person e.g rugby scrum
Indirect - aiming aggression at object e.g golfer to golf ball
What are the types of motivation ?
intrinsic motivation
- motivation from the enjoyment e.g. pride, self-esteem
extrinsic motivation
- motivation through rewards e.g. money, trophies
intrinsic is more effective
What are introverts ?
prefer solo sports
fine skills, high concentration, low arousal
quiet
shy
archery, snooker, athletics
What are extroverts ?
get bored when alone
prefer team sports
fast paced sports
gross skills, low concentration
hockey, rugby, football
