Section 1 - Particles and matter

Question 1

Describe the particle arrangement in a solid

Answer 1

.There are strong forces of attraction between the particles
.The particles are in a fixed position in a regular lattice arrangement
.If heat is added, the particles vibrate in a fixed position

Question 2

Describe the particle arrangement in a liquid

Answer 2

.There are weak forces of attraction between the particles
.The particles can freely move around each other
.Liquids have a definite volume however change shape to fill the container

Question 3

Describe the particle arrangement in gases

Answer 3

.Very weak forces of attraction
.They are free to move far apart from each other
.Gases don’t have a definite shape however can fill the shape of any container

Question 4

What is diffusion?

Answer 4

The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 5

Describe the Potassium Manganate and water practical

Answer 5

.Put a set volume of water in a beaker and place a set mass of potassium manganate at the bottom
.The purple colour will slowly diffuse and eventually the water will turn purple

Question 6

Describe the Ammonia and hydrogen chloride practical

Answer 6

.Soak cotton wool with a set volume of aqueous ammonia solution
.Soak a different cotton wool with a set volume of hydrochloric acid
.Put the two cotton wool in a tube and seal both ends with a bung
.A white ring will form near the hydrochloric acid as the ammonia particles are lighter they diffuse quicker

Question 7

Describe the bromine gas and air practical

Answer 7

.Bromine gas is brown
.Fill half a gas jar with bromine gas and the other half with air and separate with a glass plate
.Then remove the glass plate and the bromine gas will diffuse and fill the gas jar

Question 8

Define a solution

Answer 8

A mixture of a solvent and a solute

Question 9

What is a solute?

Answer 9

The substance being dissolved

Question 10

What is a solvent?

Answer 10

The substance that dissolves the solute

Question 11

What is a saturated solution?

Answer 11

A solution that has the maximum mass of solute that can be dissolved meaning no more solute will be dissolved in the solution

Question 12

How would you work out solubility?

Answer 12

Solubility (g per 100g of solvent) = (mass of solid(g)/mass of water removed(g))

x100

Question 13

Define a proton

Answer 13

A subatomic particle with a relative charge of +1 and a relative mass of 1

Question 14

Define a neutron

Answer 14

A subatomic particle with a relative mass of 1 and a relative charge of 0

Question 15

Define an electron

Answer 15

A subatomic particle with a relative charge of -1 and a relative mass of 1/2000

Question 16

Which subatomic particles are contained in a nucleus?

Answer 16

Protons and neutrons

Question 17

Define an isotope

Answer 17

Isotopes are atoms of the same element having the same number of protons however different number of neutrons

Question 18

Define solubility

Answer 18

The mass of solute that will dissolve in 100g of water at a particular temperature

Question 19

Define an Ar value

Answer 19

Average relative atomic mass of an atom of an element compared to C12 having an exact mass of 12

Question 20

How do you work out Ar values?

Answer 20

Sum of isotope mass x % abundancy
Ar = —————————————————
100

Question 21

How to work out Rf values?

Answer 21

Rf = Distance travelled by solute/distance travelled by solvent

Question 22

When is simple distillation used?

Answer 22

To separate a liquid from a solution

Question 23

When is fractional distillation used?

Answer 23

To separate a mixture of liquids