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Chemistry > Organic chemistry(UNFINISHED) > Flashcards

Organic chemistry(UNFINISHED) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the general formula for alkenes?

A

CnH2n

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2
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes?

A

CnH(2n+2)

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3
Q

What is the general formula for alcohols?

A

CnH(2n+2) OH

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4
Q

What is the functional group for alkenes?

A

R-C=C-R (R = chain of carbons)
l l
H H

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5
Q

What is the functional group for alcohols?

A

R-O-H (R = chain of carbons)

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6
Q

What is the functional group of carboxylic acids?

A

O (R = chain of carbons)
ll
R-C-OH

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7
Q

What is the functional group of esters?

A

(R = chain of carbons) O
ll
R-C-O-R

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8
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A group of compounds that can be represented by the same general formula

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9
Q

What are the prefixes (Stems) for naming organic compounds?

A

My Empty Piggy Bank
E T R U
T H O T
H P

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10
Q

What is an isomer?

A

Two molecules that have the same molecular formular but different displayed and structural formula

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11
Q

What are the similarities and differences with isomers?

A

They have the similar chemical properties however different physical properties like boiling points due to a change in the shape of the molecule

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12
Q

What is crude oil?

A

A mixture of substances, most of which are hydrocarbons

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13
Q

How are the different compounds in crude oil seperated?

A

Fractional distillation

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14
Q

How does fractional distillation work with crude oil?

A

.The oil is heated until most of it has turned into a gas
The gases enter the column and bitumen is drained at the bottom due to its high boiling point
.There is a temperature gradient in the tower (E.G. very hot at the bottom and cooler at the top)
.The longer hydrocarbons have a higher boiling point meaning they’re drained at the bottom
.The shorter chains have a lower boiling point which means they condense much higher in the tower

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15
Q

Which hydrocarbon is released at the bottom of the fractionating column?

A

Bitumen

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16
Q

What is bitumen used for?

A

Surfacing roads and roofs

17
Q

What comes out of the fractionating column second?

A

Fuel oil which is used for boats

18
Q

What comes out of the fractionating column third?

A

Kerosene which is fuel for aircrafts

19
Q

What comes out of the fractionating column fourth?

A

Fuel for cars

20
Q

What comes out of the fractionating column last?

A

Refinery gases for cooking

21
Q

What are the properties of the hydrocarbons which have smaller chains? (Condense at the top of the fractionating column)

A

Low boiling point
Flows easily
ignites easily
Very volatile

22
Q

What are the properties of the hydrocarbons with longer chains ?(Condense near the bottom of the tower)

A

High boiling point
Not volatile
Doesn’t flow easily
Doesn’t ignite easily

23
Q

What is the definition of volatility?

A

Ability to vaporize (Turn into a gas)

24
Q

What is a saturated molecule?

A

A molecule that consists of only single bonds

25
Q

What is an unsaturated molecule?

A

A molecule that contains double bonds

26
Q

What is cracking?

A

Breaking long hydrocarbon chains into shorter chain hydrocarbons. the shorter chain alkanes are better fuels and the alkenes produced are used as polymers

27
Q

Why is cracking useful?

A

As the long chained hydrocarbons are in huge supply and little demand, it is useful to break them down as the shorter chained hydrocarbons are in little supply yet huge demand

28
Q

What are the conditions for cracking?

A

Vaporized hydrocarbons are passed over a powdered catalyst at about 600-7000 degrees Celsius
Silica (SiO2) and Alumina (Al2O3) are used as catalysts

29
Q

What is combustion?

A

When you react oxygen with a fuel

30
Q

Do alkenes decolorize in bromine water?

A

Yes

31
Q

Do alkanes decolorize in bromine water?

A

No

32
Q

Why are hydrocarbons great fuels?

A

Because the combustion reactions that happen when you burn a hydrocarbon give out lots of energy which is exothermic

33
Q

What is the general word equation for complete combustion?

A

Hydrocarbon + Oxygen –> Carbon dioxide + water

34
Q

What is the general equation for incomplete combustion

A

Hydrocarbon + Oxygen –> Carbon monoxide + water

35
Q

Why does incomplete combustion happen?

A

When there isn’t enough oxygen

36
Q

Are alkenes saturated or unsaturated molecules?

A

Unsaturated

37
Q

Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated molecules?

A

Saturated

Chemistry (11 decks)

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