Section 1: Nervous system

Question 1

4 parts of homeostasis and feedback control

Answer 1

Set point Sensor Integrator Effector

Question 2

Two types of positive feedback cycle

Answer 2

Birth

Neuron stimulus

Question 3

Function of dendrites

Answer 3

Receive signal from other nedurons

Question 4

Anterograde transport performed by

Answer 4

Kinesin (from soma to terminal)

Question 5

Retrograde transport performed by

Answer 5

dynein (from terminal back to soma)

Question 6

Type of junction in rapid control pathway

Answer 6

Neuron connects directly to target cell, which has surface receptor proteins (Neurotransmitter)

Question 7

Type of junction in slow control pathways

Answer 7

Neuron secretes into blood or gland to signal distant target cell (neurohormone)

Question 8

Five types of glia

Answer 8

Oligodendrocytes / Schwann cells Astrocytes Microglia Ependymal cells

Question 9

Features of glia that differ from neurons

Answer 9

Glia (from Greek for glue) -support cells -not excitable (no action potential) -do not process information

Question 10

Function of oligodendrocytes

Answer 10

wraps myelin around axon in central nervous system

Question 11

Function of astrocytes

Answer 11

“maintenance worker of the brain” mops up neurotransmitters and extracellular K

Question 12

Function of microglia

Answer 12

brain’s immune response

Question 13

Function of ependymal cells

Answer 13

produce extracellular fluid of the brain (CSF)

Question 14

Function of Schwann cells

Answer 14

myelination of the peripheral nervous system

Question 15

Purpose of cholesterol in membrane

Answer 15

controls fluidity

Question 16

Molecules that can freely pass through membrane

Answer 16

Lipid soluble molecules gas

Question 17

formula for osmotic pressure

Answer 17

P = RT[solute]

where: P is osmotic pressure R is universal gas constant (L atm / mol K) T is temperature in K

Question 18

Glucose transported into cell by what method ?

Answer 18

Passive transport (facilitated diffusion)

Question 19

Na / K pump is an example of what type of transport ?

Answer 19

Primary active transport

Question 20

examples of secondary active transport

Answer 20

Na + choline Na + glutamate Na / Ca

Question 21

Tetrodotoxin

Answer 21

Derived from pufferfish blocks Na+ channels

Question 22

Procaine

Answer 22

Blocks Na channels used as local anesthetic (dentist)

Question 23

Curare

Answer 23

Blocks actylcholine

Question 24

Ketamine

Answer 24

Used as vet anesthetic glutamate antagonist

Question 25

Apamine

Answer 25

Blocks Ca2+ gated K+ (Bee venom - causes nerves to become hypersensitive)

Question 26

Conus toxin

Answer 26

Voltage gated Ca2+

Question 27

Goldman Equation

Answer 27

Where V_m is membrane potential, RT are gas constant and Temperature Sequence in ln are sum of permiability times concentration on inside over permeability on outside Note that Cl is inverted because it is negative