Section 1 - Key Words Flashcards
Localism
Loyalty to the local community or local area.
Autocracy
Having no limits on a ruler’s power
Orthodox Church
A type of Christianity of which Moscow is the spiritual capital.
Over-Procurator
The highest position in the Orthodox Church.
Holy Synod
A group of bishops that form the ruling body in the Orthodox Church.
Edict
An official order issued by a person of authority.
Bureaucracy
A system where decisions are made by state officials rather than elected representatives.
Conscription
Compulsory enlistment of a person into military service.
Military colony
Where conscripts lived and trained under strict military discipline
Police state
A state in which the activities of the people are closely monitored and controlled for political reason.
Cottage industry
Work done in the worker’s own home, typically spinning, weaving and small-scale wood and metal work.
Cottage industry
Work done in the worker’s own home, typically spinning, weaving and small-scale wood and metal work.
Landowning elite
The minority in Russian society who owned land.
Capital accumulation
Building money to invest with in the future.
Intelligentsia
The educated proportion of Russian society (often opposed to the state).
Urban artisan
A worker who possesses specific skills to make something.
Emancipation
Freeing from bondage
Enlightened despotism
A system of government in which an all-powerful ruler granted domestic reforms in order to benefit his people.
Party of St Petersburg Progress
A loose title given to the more liberal nobles and officials who frequented the salons of the Tsar’s aunt, or gathered around his brother.
Redemption payment
Serfs were required to pay money in exchange for their freedom.
Kulak
A prosperous landed peasant.
Ecclesiastical and military courts
An ecclesiastical court was a Church court where punishments were in the hands of priests; in military courts, army officers awarded the sentences.
Civil society and Rule of Law definition?
Key concepts of a democratic society; all members of society enjoy the protection of laws, which are applied equally and fairly, while organisations exist in which the people of the country can express their views and influence decisions.
Reaction definition?
Implies actions and policies that are backward looking in an attempt to restore the past.
Show trial definition?
A trial that took place in front of the general public for propaganda purposes.
Constitution defintion?
Set of rule, by which a country is governed.
Particularism definition?
Concern for the immediate locality and an area of personal interest.
Russification definition?
Forcing everyone within the Russian Empire to think of themselves as ‘Russian’, by enforcing the Russian language and culture.
Anti-Semitic definition?
Being prejudiced against and persecuting Jews.
Chauvinism definition?
Exaggerated belief in national glory and superiority.
Pogrom definition?
It originally denoted an assault by one ethnic group on another - but after 1881 it gained connotations of being against Jews.
National ideology definition?
A belief in the strength of one’s own country, language and traditions.
Guerrilla warfare definition?
A form of fighting conducted by groups of soldiers and armed civilians using methods such as ambushes, sabotage and raids.
Concession definition?
Granting a request in response to a demand.
Heathen definition?
A ‘non-believer’ used at the time to describe those who weren’t members of the Russian Orthodox Church.
Polarised definition
opposite ‘extremes’
Proletariat definition
urban working class
Socialist definition
person who believes that society should be egalitarian; int the 19th century this meant taking from the rich to give to the poor - creating a more equal and fair society.
Nihilism definition
the belief that all values are baseless and that nothing can be known or communicated.
Anarchism definition
the belief in self-governed institutions - the State is considered to be unnecessary or even harmful.
Socialism definition
the political and economic theory that the means of production, distribution and exchange should be owned by the community as a whole and that people would work cooperatively together.
