Section 1: Cytology

Question 1

What are single organisms made of?

Answer 1

Single Cells

Question 2

What are more complex organisms made of?

Answer 2

They are multicellular

Question 3

What are the 8 life processes?

Answer 3

MRS GREN

• Movement
• Respiration
• Sensitivity
• Growth
• Reproduction
• Excretion
• Nutrition

Question 4

Give an example of a cell without a nucleus?

Answer 4

Red Blood Cells

Question 5

What do all cells have?

Answer 5

No answer - no such thing as a ‘typical’ cell

Question 6

What are all cell features called?

Answer 6

Organelles

Question 7

What is the living material of cells called?

Answer 7

Cytoplasm

Question 8

What is the largest organelle?

Answer 8

Nucelus

Question 9

What does the nucleus contain?

Answer 9

Chromosomes

Question 10

What do chromosomes’ contain?

Answer 10

Genes

Question 11

What do genes do?

Answer 11

Determine which protein they make - they basically control the cell

Question 12

What are enzymes made of?

Answer 12

Protein

Question 13

What surrounds all cells?

Answer 13

Cell Membrane

Question 14

What do cell membranes do?

Answer 14

Form boundary - not complete boundray

Question 15

Since cell membranes can control what chemicals go in and out, what does this make them?

Answer 15

Selectively Permeable

Question 16

Where is mitochondria found?

Answer 16

In the Cytoplasm

Question 17

What is the main job of Mitochondria?

Answer 17

Carry out respiration reactions; this releases energy

Question 18

What are cell walls made of?

Answer 18

A carbohydrate called cellulose

Question 19

How does the nucleus control the cell?

Answer 19

The nucleus contains genes, which produces enzymes, which start reactions

Question 20

What do all multicellular organism start with?

Answer 20

A fertile egg cell

Question 21

What do egg cells turn into?

Answer 21

A zygote

Question 22

How does something grow?

Answer 22

Their cells double; 1 to 2 to 4 to 8 to 16

Question 23

What controls mitosis?

Answer 23

Genes

Question 24

What is mitosis?

Answer 24

The process in which cells double so that the organism grows

Question 25

What fully occurs in cell division?

Answer 25

1) Chromosomes split to two equal parts 2) Cytoplasm splits to create two 'daughter' cells 3) These two cells take on energy and grow 4) Repeat

Question 26

What is differentiation?

Answer 26

When there are a lot of cells and some specialise. This is controlled by the genes.

Question 27

How do cells keep structure?

Answer 27

Cell walls are strong and rigid; internal pressure from water of cell pushes against other cells. This makes the shape fixed.

Question 28

Are cell walls freely permeable or selectively permeable?

Answer 28

Freely permeable - they have holes

Question 29

What do mature plant cells have?

Answer 29

A vacuole in the middle of the cytoplasm

Question 30

What do vacuoles contain?

Answer 30

Cells Sap

Question 31

What is cell sap made of?

Answer 31

Dissolved sugars, mineral ions, other solutes

Question 32

Why are leaves green?

Answer 32

They contain chloroplast that are filled with a green pigment called chlorophyll.

Question 33

What does chlorophyll do?

Answer 33

Absorb light energy and transfer it to food.

Question 34

What role do enzymes play in plants?

Answer 34

They are a catalyst. Catalysts speed up reactions without being used up themselves.

Question 35

What are tissues?

Answer 35

A group of specialised cells

Question 36

What are organs?

Answer 36

Specialised cells that work together

Question 37

What is an organ system?

Answer 37

Organs that work together

Question 38

Name the 7 Main Organ Systems

Answer 38

CRENDER: - Circulatory System - Respiratory System - Excretory System - Nervous System - Digestive System - Endocrine System - Reproductive System