Section 1. Characteristics And Classification Of Living Organisms

Question 0

Define “respiration”

Answer 0

Chemical reactions that break down nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy

Question 1

Define “movement”

Answer 1

An action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change in position or place

Question 2

Define sensitivity

Answer 2

Ability to detect or sense changes in the environment (stimuli) and to make responses

Question 3

Define growth

Answer 3

A permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell number or/an cell size

Question 4

Define reproduction

Answer 4

The processes that make more of the same kind of organism

Question 5

Define excretion

Answer 5

Removal from organisms of toxic materials, the waste products of metabolism (chemical reactions in cells including respiration) and substances in excess of requirement

Question 6

Define nutrition

Answer 6

Taking in of nutrient which are organic substances and mineral ions, containing raw materials or energy for growth and tissue repair, absorbing and assimilating them

Question 7

List the characteristics of living organisms

Answer 7

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition

Question 8

Define binomial system

Answer 8

A system of naming species in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts showing the genus and species

Question 9

Name 5 vertebrates that you have to know

Answer 9

Bony fish, amphibians, birds, reptiles and mammals

Question 10

Characteristics of bony fish

Answer 10

Streamlined
Fins for swimming and balance
Eyes and lateral line for detecting pressure changes 
Breath dissolved oxygen using gills
Skin is covered with scales
Birth method: soft egg

Question 11

Characteristics of amphibians

Answer 11

Smooth and moist skin
Live on land, return to water to breed
Fertilization and development is external
Birth method: soft egg
Breath using lung on land, breath through skin in water
4 legs

Question 12

Characteristics of birds

Answer 12

Have feather and wings
Most are able to fly
No teeth but beaks are adapted to deal with different type of food
Fertilization is internal
Development is external - female lay eggs with protected hard shell
Homeothermic

Question 13

Characteristics of reptiles

Answer 13

Dry, scaly skin 
Live on land and can live on dry region
Fertilization inside the female's body
Development is external
Use lung to breath
Hard eggs with leathery, waterproof shells

Question 14

Characteristics of mammals

Answer 14

Have hair or fur
Development and fertilization is internal
Use lung to breath
Homeothermic
Live on both land and water
4 legs
Live birth
Feed their young on milk from mammary glands

Question 15

Define pathogen

Answer 15

Microbes that cause diseases

Question 16

Characteristics of viruses

Answer 16

Extremely small, not a living organisms and are not cells
Particles made up of a few genetic material (DNA/RNA) surrounded by protein coat
Parasite
Enter the host cell to multiply
Take over the host cell and direct it to make new viruses
Reproduce quickly and do not response to antibiotic
No cell membrane or cytoplasm

Question 17

Characteristics of bacteria

Answer 17

Covered by cell wall
have cell membrane and cytoplasm
A loop of DNA within the cytoplasm
It is a living microorganism
Feed by secreting enzymes onto their food source
The food is broken down and simple molecules are absorbed

Question 18

Characteristics of fungi

Answer 18

Most are multicellular
Have nucleus and cell wall (made out of chitin)
Most fungi are saprotroph - feed on dead and decaying matter
But some are parasite

Question 19

Characteristics of flowering plants

Answer 19

Multicellular
Green because cells contain chloroplast which contain the green pigment, chlorophyll - absorbs light for photosynthesis
Cells are surrounded by cell wall made of cellulose
Xylem vessels- carry mineral salts and water
Phloem tubes- carry sugar water or dissolved food
Two main group - dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous

Question 20

Characteristics of dicotyledonous

Answer 20

Broad leaves with network of branching veins
Flower parts often in multiple of 4 or 5
2 cotyledons (seed leaves) in a seed
Xylem and phloem in a ring

Question 21

Characteristics of monocotyledonous

Answer 21

Parallel veins on leaves 
Long, narrow leaves
Parts of flower are in multiples of 3
One cotyledon inside each seed
Arrangement of vascular bundles: scattered

Question 22

Name 4 arthropods that you have to know

Answer 22

Insects, crustaceans, arachnids, myriapods

Question 23

Characteristics of insects

Answer 23

3 body parts- head, thorax and abdomen
3 pairs of leg
1 pair of antennae 
Eyes made of many tiny individual components
Breathe through spiracles 
Covered by waterproof cuticle

Question 24

Characteristic of crustaceans

Answer 24

2 parts - cephalothorax and abdomen
Chalky exoskeleton - hard and effective protection
2 pairs of antennae
Compound eyes
Mostly live in water, breath using gills

Question 25

Characteristics of arachnids

Answer 25

2 parts body - cephalothorax and abdomens
4 pairs of leg
No wing
No antennae

Question 26

Characteristics of myriapods

Answer 26

Long body made up of many segments
Not divided into separate region
Many legs, 1-2 legs on each body segment
2 antennae

Question 27

List 3 invertebrates

Answer 27

Nematodes, annelids, molluscs

Question 28

Characteristics of nematodes

Answer 28

Thread-like bodies
No leg
No obvious head
Not made up of segment

Question 29

Characteristics of annelids

Answer 29

Soft body made up of segment
Chaetae (bristle)
No leg

Question 30

Characteristics of molluscs

Answer 30

Soft bodies
Not segment
1 muscular foot
1 or 2 shells for protection
Have gills