Secretion and Digestion Flashcards by Carlota Astor Jurado

Q

Oral mucosa and esophagus epithelium

A

Stratified squamous non-keratinized

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Q

Which glands are part of the columnar epithelium

A

Unicellular glands

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Q

Mucous cells and goblet cells are

A

Unicellular glands

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Q

Endocrine glands secrete

A

Hormones

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Q

Location of exocrine glands

A

Submucosa

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Q

Exocrine glands secrete

A

Enzymes

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Q

Location of exocrine glands

A

Submucosa

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Q

Most glands in digestive tube are

A

Exocrine

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Q

Enzymes are generated as

A

Proenzymes

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Q

Main function of mucus

A

Protection
Buffer effect
Adherance

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Q

First process of secretion of glands

A

Nutrient entry through capillaries for protein synthesis

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Q

Second process of secretion of glands

A

Synthesis and folding in ER

Modification in golgi apparatus

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Q

Result of second step in secretion of glands

A

Zymogen granules

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Q

Stimuli for vesicle secretion in glands

A

Hormone arrival

Parasympathetic nervous system stimuli

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Q

Most alkaline secretion

A

Pancreatic secretion

Brunner glands

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Q

Most acidic secretion

A

Gastric secretion

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Q

2 types of salivary secretion

A

Serosa

Mucous

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Q

Origin of serosa secretion in saliva

A

Parotid, submaxilar, sublingual

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Q

Content of serosa secretion in saliva

A

A-amylase

Ptyalin

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Q

Function of serosa secretion in saliva

A

Breaking down starch

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Q

Origin of mucinous secretion in saliva

A

Buccal, submaxillar, sublingual

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Q

Content of mucinous secretion in saliva

A

Mucous

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Q

Function of mucinous secretion in saliva

A

Protection

Q

Content of saliva

K+, HCO3-, Na+, Cl-

A

High K+ and HCO3- due to high secretion

Low Na+ and Cl- due to high absorption

Other contents of saliva

Thiocyanate ions Lisozima Ab

Taste and touch tongue nerve

IX glossopharyngeal | VII facial nerve

Path of glossopharyngeal and facial nerve path

Cerebral cortex --> hypothalamus --> salivary nuclei

Path of efferent facial nerve VII

Submandibular ganglion --> submandibular and sublingual glands

Path of efferent glossopharyngeal nerve IX

Octic ganglion --> parotid gland

Parietal cells secrete

HCl

Chief cells secrete

Pepsinogen | Which turns into pepsin under the right pH

Stimulus of HCl secretion

Ach (parasympathetic nervous system) Gastrin (from G cells) Histamine (paracrine stimuli)

What does Ach stimulate

Parietal cells to secrete more HCl

Location of G and D cells

Antrum

Ach receptor

M3 muscarinic

Gastrin receptor

CCRKI in chief cells | CCRK2 in parietal cells

Histamin receptor

H2R

Secretin receptor

SCTR

Somatostatin receptor

SSTR1

CCK receptor

CCKR2

Which decreases HCl secretion

Somatostatin

Origin of PS-NS

Dorsal nucleus of vagus | Myenteric plexus

Origin of gastrin

G cells

Origin of secretin

S cells

Origin of somatostatin

D cells

Secretion in duodenum, gland name

Brunner glands

Function of Brunner gland in duodenum

Secrete alkaline mucus for protection against HCl

Stimuli of Brunner glands

Parasympathetic nervous system Distension Secretin

Inhibition of Brunner cells in duodenum

Sympathetic nervous system

Cells in small intestine for secretion

Lieberkuhn crypts cells: goblet cells and enterocytes

Function of enterocytes

Secrete H2O and electrolytes + absorption of digestion products

Location of Paneth cells

Base of crypts

Function of Paneth cells

Antimicrobial defense

Location of stem cells

Base of crypts

Function of stem cells

Renewing epithelium

Secretion in large intestine, which cells are there

Lieberkuhn cells but no villi

What is absorbed in large intestine

Water, electrolytes, Vitamin B