Secondary Hypertension

Question 1

what is secondary hypertension

Answer 1

hypertension as a result of another medical condition

Question 2

categorise the causes of secondary hypertension

Answer 2

renal, endocrine, cardiovascular, drugs or pregnancy

Question 3

renal causes of secondary hypertension

Answer 3

renal artery stenosis, renal failure, glomerulonephritis/ pyelonephritis, polycystic kidney disease

Question 4

endocrine causes of secondary hypertension

Answer 4

diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, cushings syndrome, conns syndrome, hyperparathyroidism, phaeochromocytoma, acromegaly, congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Question 5

cardiovascular causes

Answer 5

coarctation of aorta, increased intravascular volume

Question 6

common drug classes that can cause secondary hypertension

Answer 6

Sympathomimetics

Corticosteroids

COCP

Question 7

pregnancy hypertension risk

Answer 7

pre-eclampsia

Question 8

when will ACE inhibitors or ARBs be first line

usually first line

Answer 8

ACE Inhibitors or Angiotensin Receptor Blockers - first line if: 
< 55 yrs  
Diabetic 
Heart failure  
Left ventricular dysfunction

Question 9

when will CCBs be first line in treating hypertension

usually 2nd line

Answer 9

above 55 yrs and afrocaribbean ancestry

Question 10

when will beta blockers be first line

usually 3rd line

Answer 10

may be considered in younger patients

may increase risk of cardiac failure

Question 11

when you will be cautious of beta blockers

Answer 11

first degree AV block,

mixing with thiazide diuretics as it may increase risk of developing diabetes mellitus

Question 12

4th line treatment?

Answer 12

alpha blockers

may be used in patients with prostate disease