Secondary Headaches Flashcards
Headaches in the cerebral vault refer pain where? through which nerve?
to front the head through the Fifth nerve
Headaches in the Brainstem, subtentorial refer pain where? through which nerves?
Occipital headaches - through CN IX, X, C2
what are 3 pain sensitive areas in the cranial vault?
- Venous sinuses
- Tentorium
- Dura
What 3 systems are responsible fore CSF reabsorption
spinal vessels
cribiform plate
arachnoid granulations
What is the role of Kotho and Erythropoietin in the CSF
neuroprotectants excreted mainly in sleep by choroid plexus
What is responsible for the movement of small soluble proteins (like AB amyloid) from the ISF and interstitial fluid flow?
regulated by Astrocytes via Aquaporin 4
What is PRESS?
Posterior reversible encephalopathy with stroke like symptoms
-caused by sever hypertension w reversible white matter edema
How do postural changes affect:
- Intraventricular hemorrhage w hydrocephalus
- Spinal Fluid leak
- high pressure - lying down makes it worse
2. low pressure - standing makes it worse
Headache with “beaked” tectum”
type 2 Arnold Chiari - hind brain anomalies
hydrocephalus
meningomyelocele
herniation of Vermis!
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation, elongated Pons and occasionally syrinx or syringobulbia
Type 1 Arnold chiari Malformation
herniation of tonisl
Which type of Arnold Chiari malformation has encephlocele and tethered spinal cord?
type 3
What are the fx of astrocyte injury on Interstitial flow?
- Astrocyte swelling
- neuronal accumulation of metabolites
- Diminished flow of interstitial fluid
Pain on chewing visual changes unilateral myalgia scalp pain "ropy" appearing, tender temporal arteries
Temporal Arteritis
What is the histological appearance of Temporal Arteritis?
“ropy” appearing, tender temporal arteries
Giant cell infiltration within muscular layer, sever stenosis of lumen
