CNS tumors Flashcards
What are 2 tumor types more common in adults (>20 years old)
GBM
Oligodendroglioma
What are 2 tumor types more common in children?
medulloblastoma
pilocytic astrocytoma
What are CNS tumors more commonly located in:
- adults
- children
- supratentorial (Cerebrum, Diencephalon)
2. intratentorial (Cerebellum, Brainstem)
What type of cerebral edema is steroids helpful?
Vasogenic (increased blood brain permeability) extracellular
white matter > gray matter
What type of cerebral edema has an intact blood brain barrier?
Cytotoxic - intracellular
steroids not helpful
What grade is a tumor with “glomeruloid” endothelial proliferation and tumor necrosis?
WHO grade IV
What is a common primary tumor in a child in the cerebellum
Juvenile pilocytic astrocytom
What are the 3 glial cell types? What is the cellular marker?
Astrocytes
Oligodendroglia
Ependymomas
GFAP
What type of CNS tumor has histological long hair like processes? GFAP positive
Pilocytic astrocytoma
Rosenthal fibers
child
cystic with mural nodule
pathognemonic for pilocytic astrocytoma
tumor with expansion and hypodensity of infiltrated regions NO Foci of brigh tsingal enhancement
Diffuse fibrillayr astrocytoma
tumor with increased cellularity, cytologic atypia
Mitotic figures present,
MIB-1 stain in actively cycling cells
Anaplastic Astrocytoma
Where is the most common location of GBM?
deep frontotemporal
tumor with increased EGFR
presence of tumor necrosis, pronounced endothelial cell hyperplasia
GBM
What type of GBM is characterized by:
- older patients, EGFR mutations
- younger pts, p53 mutations, PDGF-A receptor signal
- Primary GBM
2. Secondary GBM
What should you do if you find a Oligodendroglial tumor in a patient
Use FISH to see if a 1p/19q delection is present
that type of tumor is especially susceptible to chemotherapy
tumor with chicken wire vasculature
fried egg cytology
calcifications
Oligodendroglial tumors
Where are Ependymomas more commonly located in:
- Children
- Adults
- 4th ventricle, lateral ventricles
2. spinal cord, 4th ventricles
tumor with bimodal distribution (1-5 y, < 35 y)
true and pseudorosettes
Ependymoma
Where are Choroid plexus papillomas located most commonly in:
- children
- Adults
- lateral ventricles
2. 4th ventricles
tumor with rosettes, pseudorosettes, one of the most common CNS tumors in children (cerebellum)
highly aggressive
Medulloblastoma
Homer Wright rosettes
Tumor a/w Monosomy chromosome 22 (22q12 = NF gene)
thickened dural “tails” exntending from lesional border
Meningioma
What is the cellular origin of Primary CNS lymphomas
most are B-cell origin
EBV positive
high grade and poorly responsive to chemo
