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Second Semester Exam Flashcards

0
Q

Define antibody.

A

A protein made by B cells that bind to a specific antigen.

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1
Q

Define pathogen.

A

A microorganism, another organism, a virus, or a protein that causes disease.

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2
Q

Define mutagen.

A

Environmental factors that cause mutations or changes in the DNA.

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3
Q

Define noninfectious disease.

A

A disease caused by hereditary and environmental factors that cannot be spread from person to person.

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4
Q

Define nutrient.

A

A substance in food that provides energy or helps form body tissues and that is necessary for life and growth.

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5
Q

Define obesity.

A

The state of having a significant amount of excess body fat and the state of weighing 20% above ones recommended body weight.

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6
Q

Define brain.

A

The organ that is the main control center of the nervous system.

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7
Q

Define tendon.

A

A tough, connective, tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone or to another body part.

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8
Q

Define homeostasis.

A

The maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment.

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9
Q

Define virus.

A

Tiny particles that have their own genetic material but depend on other living things to reproduce.

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10
Q

Define cancer.

A

A group of diseases in which cells divide at an uncontrollable rate.

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11
Q

Define autoimmune disease.

A

A disease in which the immune system attacks the body’s own cells.

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12
Q

Define vaccine.

A

A substance prepared from killed or weakened pathogens or from genetic material and that is introduced into the body to produce immunity.

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13
Q

Define peristalsis.

A

Waves of muscle contractions that move food into the stomach.

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14
Q

Define muscle.

A

The tissue that contracts and relaxes, making movement possible.

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15
Q

Define aerobic exercise.

A

Raises heart and breathing rates.

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16
Q

Define anaerobic exercises.

A

Intense muscle activity for a short time.

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17
Q

Define nephrons.

A

The unit in the kidneys that filters blood.

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18
Q

Define endocrine system.

A

A collection of glands and groups of cells that secrete hormones that regulate growth, development, and homeostasis.

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19
Q

Define joint.

A

A place where two or more bones meet.

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20
Q

Define immunity.

A

The ability to resist or recover from an infectious disease.

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21
Q

Define kidneys.

A

One of the organs that filters wastes from the blood, excretes products as urine, and regulate the concentration of certain substances in the blood.

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22
Q

Define lymph.

A

The clear, watery fluid that leaks from blood vessels and contains white blood cells.

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23
Q

Define skeletal muscle.

A

Attached to your bones and allows you to move.

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24
Define Anorexia Nervosa.
An eating disorder characterized by self-starvation and an intense fear of gaining weight.
25
Define enzymes.
A type of protein that speeds up metabolic reactions in plants and animals without being permanently changed or destroyed.
26
Define Bulimia Nervosa.
Characterized by binge eating followed by induced vomiting.
27
Function of liver.
Makes and releases a mixture called bile that is stored in the gall bladder.
28
Function of urinary system.
Collects cellular wastes and eliminates it from the body in the form of urine.
29
Function of the excretory system.
Collects and excretes nitrogenous wastes and excess water from the body in the form of urine.
30
Function of the nervous system.
Controls the actions and reactions of the body in response to stimuli in the environment.
31
Function of the male reproductive system.
To produce sperm and deliver sperm to the female reproductive system.
32
Function of the skeletal system.
To support and protect the body and allow it to move.
33
Function of tendons.
To connect a bone to a muscle.
34
Function of bones.
Provide protection to organs, store minerals, provide support for the body, make it possible to sit and stand upright, produce blood cells, and attach to muscles for movement.
35
Function of integumentary system.
Serves as the protective covering of the body.
36
Function of T cells.
To coordinate the immune system and to attack infected body cells.
37
Function of digestive system.
To break down food so it can be used by the body.
38
Function of ureters.
To connect the kidneys to the bladder.
39
Function of esophagus.
To connect the pharynx to the stomach.
40
Function of large intestine.
To remove water from the mostly digested food and to turn it into semisolid waste called feces.
41
Function of small intestine.
To break down food and to absorb nutrients.
42
Function of the circulatory system.
To move fluids around the body and to protect it from disease.
43
Function of alveoli.
Air is sucked into and forced out of the alveoli.
44
Function of lymphatic system.
To collect the fluid that leaks from blood and return it to the blood vessels.
45
Function of cardiovascular system.
To transport blood around the body.
46
Function of uterus.
To provide a place where an embryo develops into a fetus.
47
Function of Fallopian tubes.
To connect the ovary to the uterus.
48
Function of bone marrow.
To produce blood cells and to store fat.
49
Function of cartilage.
Allows bones to move smoothly across each other.
50
Function of tears.
To wash out pathogens entering the eye.
51
Function of T cells.
To coordinate the immune system and attack infected cells.
52
Function of B cells.
To make antibodies that destroy pathogens.
53
Function of the endocrine system.
To secrete hormones that regulate growth, development, and homeostasis.
54
Function of cartilage at a growth plate.
To continue to make new cells.
55
Function of motor neurons.
To move impulses from the brain and the spinal cord to other parts of the body.
56
Function of the pituitary gland.
To secrete hormones that affect other glands and stimulates growth and sexual development.
57
Function of E. Coli.
To help the body break down and digest the food you eat.
58
Function of carbohydrates.
To provide energy for the body.
59
Function of fats.
To provide energy, to store and transport vitamins, to produce hormones, and to make cell membranes.
60
Function of protein.
To build, regulate, and repair the body.
61
Function of vitamins.
To help the body carry out specific functions.
62
Function of minerals.
To form important parts of many cell structures.
63
Function of water.
Needed to perform all life processes in the body.
64
Parts of the respiratory system.
Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi/bronchioles, alveolus/alveoli.
65
Parts of the female reproductive system.
Fallopian tubes, uterus, ovary, vagina.
66
Parts of the nervous system.
Central nervous system (CNS), peripheral nervous system (PNS).
67
Parts of the skeletal system.
Bones, ligaments, cartilage.
68
Parts of neuron.
Cell body, dendrite, axon, axon terminal.
69
Parts of CNS.
Brain, spinal cord.
70
Parts of PNS.
Sensory part, motor part.
71
Process for fighting viruses.
1) Virus enters the body and the macrophage engulfs it. 2) the helper T cells activate the B cells and the killer T cells. 3) B cells release antibodies that attach to the antigens and destroy the pathogens. 4) killer T cells destroy body cells infected with the virus.
72
Give examples of external defenses.
Skin, hair (eyelashes and ear hairs), nails (protect fingertips and toes), sweat and oil glands, mucus (produced by mucous membranes), saliva.
73
Give examples of internal defenses
Fever and inflammation.
74
Examples of non infectious diseases.
Type 1 diabetes, hemophilia, cancer.
75
Examples of viral diseases.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), common cold, influenza.
76
Examples of infectious disease.
HIV, cold, flu, tuberculosis, strep throat, diarrheal illness, sinus infections, athletes foot, ringworm, malaria, giardiasis, salmonella, AIDS, hepatitis C, Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, rabies.
77
Examples of mutagens.
X-rays, cigarette smoke, air pollutants, UV rays in the sunlight.
78
Examples of sensory receptors.
Hair cells, olfactory cells, sensations.
79
Examples of fungal diseases.
Athletes foot and ringworm.
80
Disorders of the immune system.
Allergies, cancer, immune deficiency disorders, autoimmune diseases.
81
What is a heart attack?
When an artery supplying blood to the heart becomes blocked, oxygen cannot reach the heart muscle and the person may have a heart attack.
82
What is immune deficiency?
When the immune system fails to develop properly or becomes weakened.
83
What is influenza?
A disease caused by a family of viruses that can be passed through the air or from person to person.
84
What is obesity?
The state of weighing 20% above ones recommended body weight and the state of having a significant amount of excess body fat.
85
Is it likely that you will get chicken pox a second time?
No because your body produced memory cells to fight the disease because you already had chicken pox.
86
What are some bacterial diseases?
Tuberculosis, strep throat, diarrheal illness, sinus infections.
87
What is asthma?
A condition in which the airways are narrowed due to inflammation of the bronchi.
88
What is pneumonia?
Inflammation of the lungs that is usually caused by bacteria or viruses.
89
What is tuberculosis?
A lung disease caused by bacteria that weakens the lungs and body.
90
What do antibiotics treat?
Bacteria and other microorganisms, such as fungi.

Science Test (4 decks)

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