Science Test: Lessons 1-3 Flashcards
Define Muscular System.
An organ system whose primary function is movement and flexibility.
Define homeostasis.
The maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment.
Define the Skeletal System.
An organ system whose primary function is to support and protect the body and allow it to move.
Define Respiratory System.
A collection of organs whose primary function is to take in oxygen and to expel carbon dioxide; the organs in this system include the lungs, throat, and passageways that lead to the lungs.
Define Male Reproductive System.
Produces sperm and delivers it to the female reproductive system.
Define female reproductive system.
Produces eggs and nourishes a developing fetus.
Define the cardiovascular system.
A collection of organs that transport blood throughout the body; the organs in this system include the heart, arteries, and veins
Define the lymphatic system.
A network of organs and tissue that collect the fluid that leaks from blood and returns it to the blood vessels; organs in this system include the lymph nodes, lymph vessels, and lymph; the place where white blood cells mature.
Define the endocrine system.
A collection of glands and groups of cells that secrete hormones that regulate growth, development, and homeostasis; includes the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, hypothalamus, pineal body, and the gonads.
Define the integumentary system
The protective covering of the body; organs in this system include the skin, hair and nails; part of the immune system and protects body from infection
Define the excretory system.
The system that collects and excretes nitrogenous wastes and excess water from the body in the form of urine.
Define the digestive system.
The organs that can break down food so it can be used by the body.
Define the nervous system.
The structures that control the actions and the reactions of the body in response to stimuli in the environment; it is formed by billions of nerve cells called neurons.
What do the body systems do?
Body systems help all living things get energy, move, reproduce, get rid of waste, and protect the body. The body systems coordinate all the functions of the body.
How are structure and function linked?
The shape and size of cells are related to their function. For example, sperm cells have long tails so they can move. Also, nerve cells are long and thin so that they can send messages long distances.
What are the two ways that body systems work together?
They share organs and they communicate.
How do body systems share organs?
The reproductive organs are part of the reproductive system and the endocrine system. The liver is part of the digestive system as well as the excretory system.
How do body systems communicate?
There are two ways that body systems communicate. Through electrical and chemical messages. The electrical messages are from the nervous system and the chemical signals are from the endocrine system.
What are two ways that body systems maintain homeostasis?
By responding to change and maintaining a balance.
Explain how body systems respond to change.
When outside conditions change, the body systems have to work together to maintain homeostasis. For example, if the body cells get too cold, they could die. So, if the brain senses the body temperature is too low it tells the muscles to shiver which creates heat.
Explain how body systems maintain a balance.
To maintain homeostasis, the body systems have to recognize that conditions are changing and respond to it in the right way. The electrical messages from the nervous systems and the chemical signals from the endocrine system tell the body what changes to make.
What are two things that can go wrong with homeostasis?
Structure or function diseases, and pathogens and disease.
Explain structure or function diseases in homeostasis.
Problems with the structure or function of cells, tissue or organs can effect the body. For example, diabetes is a disease that effects cell function.
Explain pathogens and disease in homeostasis.
When the body cannot maintain homeostasis it is easier for pathogens to invade the body. Pathogens can also cause disruption to homeostasis. For example, tuberculosis is a lung disease that weakens the lungs and the body.
Define skeletal system.
An organ system whose primary function is to support and protect the body and allow it to move.
Define ligament.
A type of tissue that holds together the bones in a joint.
Define joint.
A place a where two or more bones meet.
Define muscular system.
The organ system whose primary function is movement and flexibility.
Define tendon.
A tough connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone or to another body part.
What are the main functions of the skeletal system?
Protection, storage, support, blood cell production, movement.
Explain protection of the skeletal system.
Bones provide protection to your organs. For example, your ribs protect your heart and lungs, and your skull protects your brain.
Explain the storage of the skeletal system.
The harder, outer layer of bone, called compact bone, stores important minerals such as calcium. These minerals are necessary for nerves and muscles to work properly.
Explain the support of the skeletal system.
Bones provide support for the body and make it possible to sit and stand upright.
Explain blood cell production of the skeletal system.
In the center of the bones is a soft tissue called marrow. Red marrow is where red and white blood cells are produced. Red marrow is found in the ribs, pelvis, or skull.
Explain movement of the skeletal system.
Bones play an important role in movement by providing a place where muscles can attach. Muscles pull on bones to move the body.
What are the parts of the skeletal system?
Bones, ligaments and cartilage.
Explain bones.
Bones have blood vessels that supply nutrients and nerves which signal pain.
Explain ligaments.
The tough, flexible, connective tissue that holds bones together is called a ligament. Ligaments allow movement and are found at the ends of bones.
Explain cartilage.
Cartilage is a strong, flexible and smooth connective tissue found at the end of the bone. It allows bones to move smoothly across each other.
What are bones made of?
Minerals, connective tissue, and marrow.
Explain minerals.
Calcium is the most plentiful mineral in bones. The minerals in bones are deposited by bone cells called osteoblasts. Minerals such as calcium make the bones strong and hard.
Explain connective tissue.
The connective tissue in bones is made mostly of protein and collagen. Minerals make the bones strong and hard, but the collagen in bones allows them to flexible enough to withstand knocks and bumps.
Explain marrow.
Bones contain a soft tissue called marrow. There are two types of marrow: Red marrow is where red and white blood cells are produced. Yellow marrow stores fat in the center of long bones.
