Science Test Flashcards
Define archaea.
A domain made of prokaryotes, most of which are known to live in extreme environments, that are distinguished from other prokaryotes by differences in their genetics and the makeup of their cell wall.
Define bacteria.
A domain made of prokaryotes that usually have a cell wall and reproduce by cell division.
Define binary fission.
A form of asexual reproduction in single celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size.
Define virus.
A non living, infectious, microscopic particle that cannot replicate on its own, is composed of a nucleic acid and a protein coat; and it can invade and destroy a cell virus.
Define host.
An organism from which a parasite takes food or shelter.
Define prokaryote.
Prokaryotes are single celled organisms that lack a nucleus in their cells.
Define eukaryote.
In a modern taxonomic system, a domain made up of all eukaryotes; this domain aligns with the traditional kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
Define Protista.
A kingdom of mostly one celled eukaryotic organisms that are different from plants, animals, archaea, bacteria, and fungi.
Define gamete.
A haploid reproductive cell unites with another haploid reproductive cell to form a zygote.
Define spore.
Reproductive cells that are resistant to stressful environmental conditions.
Define algae.
Multicellular, plant like Protists that convert the suns energy into food through photosynthesis but do not have roots, stems or leaves.
Define hyphae.
Chains of threadlike fungal filaments.
Define Mychorrhiza.
A symbiotic association between fungi and plant roots.
Define lichen.
A mass of fungal and algal cells that grow together in a symbiotic relationship and that are usually found on rocks or trees.
Define producers.
Organisms that make their own food using energy in their surroundings.
Define photosynthesis.
The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make their own food.
Define chlorophyll.
A green pigment that captures light energy for photosynthesis.
Define vascular system.
A conducting system of tissues that transports water and other materials in plants and in animals.
Define seed.
A plant embryo that has a protective coating.
Define pollen.
The tiny granules that contain the male gametophyte of plants.
Define gymnosperm.
A woody, vascular seed palmy whose seeds are not enclosed by an ovary or fruit.
Define angiosperm.
A vascular plant that produces flowers and fruits which surround and protect seeds.
Name some characteristics of archaea.
Archaea are prokaryotes, they can live in extreme environments, cell walls are chemically different from those of bacteria.
Name some characteristics of bacteria.
They are single celled, they are prokaryotes, they can be round, spiral, and rod.
What is the function of round bacteria?
They do not dry out quickly.
