Second Quiz Flashcards
After water soluble nutrients are absorbed, they are carried to the _____ through the ______.
Liver, hepatic portal vein.
What are the roles of essential fatty acids in the body? (2)
They are regulators of inflammation and blood clotting.
Amino acids, simple sugars, and water soluble products are absorbed into capillaries that are part of what system?
Hepatic portal circulation.
True or False: Decreased risk of breast cancer is associated with the consumption of trans fat.
False.
True or False: Increased risk of colon cancer is associated with the consumption of saturated fat from red meat.
True.
What does the lymphatic system absorb?
Fat soluble nutrients too large to be absorbed into the portal vein.
Alpha-linolenic acid is an example of what kind of fatty acid?
Omega-3 fatty acid.
Linoleic acid is an example of what kind of fatty acid?
Omega-6 fatty acid.
Oleic acid is what kind of fatty acid?
Omega-9 fatty acid.
What substance is released into the small intestine to aid in the digestion and absorption of fat?
Bile.
Bile, vitamin D, and some hormones such as testosterone and estrogen are derived from _____.
Cholesterol.
______ transport lipids from the food eaten in the body, are absorbed into the lymphatic system, and are formed by the intestinal mucosal cell.
Chylomicrons.
What enzyme promotes the uptake of fatty acids and glycerol by cells to be used as fuel or storage?
Lipoprotein lipase.
What is needed for cells to take up low density lipoproteins?
LDL receptors located on the surface of cells.
The precursors for eicosanoid formation are:
omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.
What is the name given to the small intestine protrusions that participate in the digestion and absorption of nutrients?
Villi.
The oxidation of LDLs: (3)
- Recruits macrophages with scavenger receptors to the site
- Increases inflammation
- Causes the formation of foam cells
A strong correlation exists for colon can and diets that are:
High in animal fats.
What are the DRI for fat?
20-35% of total calories.
True or false: an obese person will tend to have higher levels of VLDLS in the blood compared to a lean person.
True.
True or false: an obese person will tend to have lower levels of VLDLs in the blood compared to a lean person.
False.
True or false: high fat diets provide satiety and lead to people eating less.
False, low fat diets tend to provide more satiety than high fat diets.
Coconut oil is a rich source of what three fatty acids?
12:0, 14:0, and 16:0.
What fatty acid is found in high levels of flax seeds and walnuts?
18:3n-3
What accessory organs release their secretions into the GI tract?
The gallbladder, pancreas, and salivary glands.
