Second Quiz

Question 1

After water soluble nutrients are absorbed, they are carried to the _____ through the ______.

Answer 1

Liver, hepatic portal vein.

Question 2

What are the roles of essential fatty acids in the body? (2)

Answer 2

They are regulators of inflammation and blood clotting.

Question 3

Amino acids, simple sugars, and water soluble products are absorbed into capillaries that are part of what system?

Answer 3

Hepatic portal circulation.

Question 4

True or False: Decreased risk of breast cancer is associated with the consumption of trans fat.

Answer 4

False.

Question 5

True or False: Increased risk of colon cancer is associated with the consumption of saturated fat from red meat.

Answer 5

True.

Question 6

What does the lymphatic system absorb?

Answer 6

Fat soluble nutrients too large to be absorbed into the portal vein.

Question 7

Alpha-linolenic acid is an example of what kind of fatty acid?

Answer 7

Omega-3 fatty acid.

Question 8

Linoleic acid is an example of what kind of fatty acid?

Answer 8

Omega-6 fatty acid.

Question 9

Oleic acid is what kind of fatty acid?

Answer 9

Omega-9 fatty acid.

Question 10

What substance is released into the small intestine to aid in the digestion and absorption of fat?

Answer 10

Bile.

Question 11

Bile, vitamin D, and some hormones such as testosterone and estrogen are derived from _____.

Answer 11

Cholesterol.

Question 12

______ transport lipids from the food eaten in the body, are absorbed into the lymphatic system, and are formed by the intestinal mucosal cell.

Answer 12

Chylomicrons.

Question 13

What enzyme promotes the uptake of fatty acids and glycerol by cells to be used as fuel or storage?

Answer 13

Lipoprotein lipase.

Question 14

What is needed for cells to take up low density lipoproteins?

Answer 14

LDL receptors located on the surface of cells.

Question 15

The precursors for eicosanoid formation are:

Answer 15

omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.

Question 16

What is the name given to the small intestine protrusions that participate in the digestion and absorption of nutrients?

Answer 16

Villi.

Question 17

The oxidation of LDLs: (3)

Answer 17

1. Recruits macrophages with scavenger receptors to the site
2. Increases inflammation
3. Causes the formation of foam cells

Question 18

A strong correlation exists for colon can and diets that are:

Answer 18

High in animal fats.

Question 19

What are the DRI for fat?

Answer 19

20-35% of total calories.

Question 20

True or false: an obese person will tend to have higher levels of VLDLS in the blood compared to a lean person.

Answer 20

True.

Question 21

True or false: an obese person will tend to have lower levels of VLDLs in the blood compared to a lean person.

Answer 21

False.

Question 22

True or false: high fat diets provide satiety and lead to people eating less.

Answer 22

False, low fat diets tend to provide more satiety than high fat diets.

Question 23

Coconut oil is a rich source of what three fatty acids?

Answer 23

12:0, 14:0, and 16:0.

Question 24

What fatty acid is found in high levels of flax seeds and walnuts?

Answer 24

18:3n-3

Question 25

What accessory organs release their secretions into the GI tract?

Answer 25

The gallbladder, pancreas, and salivary glands.