Second Priority Diseases pt. II Flashcards
Fascioliasis other terms (2 answers)
Liver flukes,
Hepatic Fascioliasis
Is Fascioliasis zoonotic
Yes
Animals which are source of pasture contamination in cases of Fascioliasis
Sheep
Animals that do not develop immunity in fasciola
Sheep
3 Susceptible animals to Fascioliasis
Cattle,
Goat,
Sheep
In cases of fascioliasis, large amounts of metacercariae means that the infection is (acute vs. chronic)
Acute
Fasciola species found in cooler climates
Fasciola hepatica
Type of anemia in Acute fasciolosis
Normochromic anemia
Type of anemia in chronic fasciolosis
hypochromic macrocytic anemia
Is fecalysis recommended in acute fascioliasis?
No. Juvenile flukes = no eggs
Type of fecalysis preferred in chronic fascioliasis
Sedimentation
Adult fasciola are mostly found in what organ
Bile duct
Causative agent of black disease
C. novyi
Spores of C. novyi cause fasciola in what organ
Liver parenchyma
Drug of choice for fascioliasis
Triclabendazole
is fascioliasis zoonotic
Yes
snail intermediate hosts for Fasciola spp.
species in the genera Lymnaea, Galba, Fossaria, and Pseudosuccinea
Other terms for leptospirosis (hint: WER)
Weil’s disease,
Enzootic jaundice,
Red water
Is leptospirosis zoonotic and contagious?
Yes
Most common serovars of Leptospira interrogans (hint: PICG)
○Icterohaemorrhagiae
○Pomona
○canicola
○ grippotyphosa
Route of infection of Leptospirosis (hint: IVIS)
-Ingestion
-Venereal
-Inhalation
-Skin
Sources of Leptospirosis
Urine, genital secretions
Aborted fetus, uterine discharge, placental fluids
Milk,
Soil, water, feeds
Blood
Golden standard test for leptospirosis
Microscopic Agglutination test
T/F: vaccination is effective in the treatment of Leptospirosis
F. Prevention only
On what fluke stage is triclabendazole effective
All stages
2 compounds given to control snail numbers/ population
Copper sulfate,
Sodium pentachlorophenate
Other term for Trypanosomiasis
Surra
Causative agent of Surra
Trypanosoma evansi
Aside from T. evansi, Trypanosomiasis is caused by what other agents? (3 answers)
Trypanosoma congolense,
T.vivax,
T. brucei brucei,
Diagnostic test for Trypanosomiasis
demonstrating trypanosomes in stained blood smears or wetmounts
Surra affects what 2 species of animals
Buffaloes,
Cattle
2 principal hosts of surra
Horses,
Cattle
T. evansi is distributed in what 4 regions
Africa,
Western Asia,
Eastern Asia,
South America
Intermediate hosts of T. evansi
Hematophagous flies (bloodsucking) :
Tabanus, Stomoxys, Atylotus, Chrysops, Lyperosia and Haematobia
Causative agent of bovine anaplasmosis
Anaplasma marginale
Another causative agent of bovine anaplasmosis that causes mild clinical signs
Anaplasma centrale
What kind of parasite are anaplasma spp.
Obligate intraerythrocytic parasite
Endemicity of anaplasmosis
Tropical,
Subtropical
Vectors of anaplasmosis
Rhipicephalus/Boophilus microplus
Transmission of anaplasmosis
Blood transmission,
Transplacental
Which cattle species is more resistant to ticks and flies: Bos taurus indicus (tropical) vs. Bos taurus taurus (temperate breeds)
Bos taurus indicus (tropical)
Which age of animals are more susceptible to anaplasma infection (young vs. old)
Old;
Young develops antibody
What disease: clinical disease is rare in enzootic areas
Bovine anaplasmosis
2 other terms for bovine babesiosis
Redwater fever,
Cattle tick fever
Red water is Attributed to what clinic sign
Hemoglobinuria
principal strains of bovine babesiosis
babesia bovis,
babesia bigemina
Major vector of bovine babesia
Rhipicephalus / Boophilus microplus
Relationship of temperature with tick activity
Increase temp. = increase tick activity
(directly proportional)
Calves exposed to this disease become immune to clinical disease (i.e, natural vaccination)
Babesia
Complete elimination of ticks is not practical in this disease
Babesia
Umbrella term for anaplasmosis and babesiosis
Cattle tick fever
Which babesia species causes neurologic signs
B. bovis
Imidocarb is used to treat what 2 diseases
Bovine anaplasmosis,
Bovine babesiosis
Bovine babesiosis parasite with most population detected in Southern Luzon
Theileria orientalis
a state wherein clinical disease occurs rarely or not at all
Endemic stability
Endemic stability occurs in what disease
Bovine babesiosis
pH preference of Leptospirosis
Neutral to slight alkaline
T/F: 70% ethanol can inactivate leptospirosis
T
why is blackleg also known as Black Quarter disease
because its manifestation includes Hind quarter
lesions
butyric odor is characteristic of what disease
Blackleg
most accepted theory of clostridium entry (blackleg)
ingestion
in what organ does clostridium become dormant
alimentary tract
T/F: in cases of fever, antipyretics must immediately be given
F. Give antipyretics if fever is interfering to normal activities (feeding, drinking, etc.); but if not, allow fever to push through
Bovine anaplasmosis is transmitted by what types of vectors
biological,
mechanical
Breeds with black or red coat vs. white
coat: which has a higher risk of infections because vectors are attracted to their coloration
Black or red coat
breed with a greater risk of transmission of Bovine Anaplasmosis because of the mgt protocols
Dairy breeds
cattle breed with inherent resistance to ticks and
even in flies
Afrikaner cattle
Which disease does not cause affected cattle to
produce red urine or hematuria or hemoglobinuria?
Anaplasmosis
which disease causes affected cattle to produce red urine or hematuria or hemoglobinuria?
Babesiosis
which 2 parts of a cattle have high sensitivity during blood collection
tip of ears,
tail
part of the body where max sensitivity of Single intradermal test (SID) is observed
neck
part of the body where max specificity of Single intradermal test (SID) is observed
tail/ Caudal skin fold (tail)
substance that stimulates growth of Brucella sp.
Erythritol
disease detected by rose bengal test (presence of clotting)
brucellosis
disease with High risk of bioterrorism/agroterrorism
B. MELITENSIS
(Humans: mediterranean fever or malta fever)
in fascioliasis, the Infective stage for SNAILS is
miracidium
in fascioliasis, the Infective stage for MAMMALS is
metacercaria
in fascioliasis, the Schistosoma infective stage:
cercaria
Young fasciola flukes are found in (what organ)
liver parenchyma
