Second Priority Diseases Flashcards
7 Second Priority Diseases (Hint: B5FSL)
• Blackleg
• Bovine anaplasmosis
• Bovine babesiosis
• Bovine tuberculosis
• Brucellosis
• Fasciolosis (Liver fluke disease)
• Surra (Trypanosomiasis)
• Leptospirosis
are communicable diseases which are considered to be of socioeconomic and/or public health importance
Secondary Priority Disease
Diseases which are very serious and spreads rapidly
First Priority Diseases
Causative agent of True Blackleg
Clostridium chauvoei
Causative agent of False Blackleg
Clostridium septicum,
Clostridium novyi
Blackleg is also termed as
Clostridial myositis
Necrotizing myositis (gas gangrene) is common in what ruminant age?
2 months to 2 years old
Acute febrile disease of cattle and sheep
Blackleg
Blackleg distribution
Worldwide
Which animals are predisposed/ more prone to Blackleg?
healthy heavily muscled animals
More accurate term for False Blackleg
Malignant edema
Blackleg is gram +/-?
Aerobic or anaerobic?
Gram positive ,
Anaerobic
Blackleg is spore/nonspore-forming?
Spore forming
Case fatality rate of Blackleg
100%
MOT of Blackleg
Soil-borne
Endemicity of Blackleg
areas where there is occurence of frequent flooding, excavation of soil
Mostly affected organs in Blackleg
- spleen
- Liver
- Alimentary tract
T/F: Blackleg spreads through the feces of animals
T
T/F: in cases of blackleg, recovered animals are IMMUNE to subsequent attacks
T
MOT of blackleg that causes herd outbreak
Ingestion,
Via open wound
What is the causative agent of malignant edema
Clostridium septicum
Blackleg may occur on which species
Cattle,
Buffalo,
Sheep
In sheep, which may activate dormant spores?
Vaccines with formalin –> damage to muscles/tissue –> activate dormant spores
How can sheep get blackleg (2 ways)
Trauma,
Wounds
In NZ, blackleg is more common in (sheep vs cattle)
Sheep
In cattle, blackleg is usually a ____ infection
Endogenous (An infection caused by an infectious agent that is present on or in the host prior to the start of the infection)
In blackleg, What causes putrefaction of stomach contents
Absence of motility
In blackleg, What depresses the gastric center in the brain
Pyrogens (substances that can produce fever)
What should be given if fever is interfering to normal activities
Antipyretics
T/F: in blackleg, there is no fever if infection is due to wound
T
2 lab tests done for the diagnosis of blackleg
Bacteriology,
Histology
Rapid and reliable diagnostic test to detect C. chauvoei
fluorescent antibody test
First choice antibiotic for blackleg
Penicillin: 4000-8000IU/kg IM for 4-5days
Surgical procedure which may be done in cases of Blackleg
fasciotomy (surgical debridement)
Vaccines for blackleg are made up of
Polyvalent bacterin (killed antigens/ bacteria)
T/F: Blackleg may be treated by:
-Proper disposal of carcasses (deep burial or burning of the carcass)
-Disinfection
F. Must be “prevented”
The primary source of reinfection of a herd with blackleg is:
Animals dying of blackleg
In cases of blackleg in sheep, vaccination against ____ predisposes sheep for infection
Enterotoxemia
T/F: not all tuberculosis/mycobacterium are chronic and contagious
F. All
2 causative agents of bovine tuberculosis
Mycobacterium bovis,
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Bovine tuberculosis produces ____ nodules
Primary caseous nodules
Is blackleg contagious?
No
Is blackleg zoonotic
No
Is bovine tuberculosis zoonotic
Yes
Disease with possibility of reverse zoonosis
Tuberculosis
T/F: cats and dogs may also be sources of tuberculosis infection
T
Mycobacterium organism is excreted via (Hint: FEMS)
Feces,
Exhaled air,
Milk,
Sputum
1 causative agent of tuberculosis
M. bovis
1 cause of infection of Bovine tuberculosis
Consumption or ingestion of raw milk (humans)
MOTs of tuberculosis (hint: IDI)
Inhalation,
Direct contact,
Ingestion of contaminated feces in feed
Affected organ in cases of tuberculosis
Lungs
Mode of entry of tuberculosis (hint: GURS)
GIT,
Skin,
Respiratory tract,
Uterine vein in fetuses
1 cause of Mortality in animals in cases of tuberculosis
Respiratory tract MOT
Sources of infection of Tuberculosis (hint: CCSSUFO)
Contaminated milk,
Contaminated feed & water,
Sputum,
Saliva,
Urine,
Feces,
Other animals (cats and dogs)
Inhaled tuberculosis bacilli are phagocytosed by ____
Alveolar macrophages
In cases of tuberculosis in Buffalo, the color of the intestine and carcass is ___
White
In cases of tuberculosis in Cattle, the color of the intestine and carcass is ___
Yellow
In cases of tuberculosis in other animals, the color of the intestine and carcass is ___
Grey
During necropsy of tuberculosis-infected animals, the pleura of the thoracic cavity have _____
Pearl-like nodules
During necropsy of tuberculosis-infected animals, inactive lesions may be ____
Calcified and encapsulated
During necropsy of tuberculosis-infected animals, lesions may be found in what organs (4 answers)
Lungs,
Liver,
Spleen,
Kidney
Diagnostic tests for tuberculosis (hint: SCIZTP)
Single Intradermal Test,
Comparative Intradermal Test,
Isolation of organism,
Ziehl-Neelsen technique,
Tuberculin Skin Testing,
PCR
Drug used to treat active tuberculosis
Isoniazid
Vaccine given to prevent tuberculosis;
when incidence is high and test and slaughter programs are impossible
Bacille Calmette Guerin vaccine
Reaction to Single intradermal (SID) test is read between ___ and ___
48-96 hrs
What Tuberculin are injected simultaneously during Comparative test
Avian and bovine tuberculin
Comparative test reaction is read after ____ hrs
72
T/F: agents of tuberculosis are obligate parasites
T
Brucellosis is also termed as (UMACB)
Undulant fever,
Mediterranean fever,
Abortus fever,
Contagious abortion,
Bang’s disease
T/F: Brucellosis is either an acute or chronic CONTAGIOUS disease
T
On what areas do brucella localize?
Lymph nodes,
Genital organ
Causative agent of brucella in cattle
Brucella abortus
Brucellosis affects ___ pregnancy in mature cattle
3 months
Animals affected by Brucellosis (but are not reservoir) includes (3 answers)
Sheep,
Goats,
Dog
Most import disease in beef cattle production (calves)
Brucella abortus
Causative agent of brucellosis in goats
Brucella melitensis
Causative agent of brucellosis in sheep
Brucella ovis
Is brucella zoonotic?
Yes
Brucella species that is not zoonotic
Brucella ovis
From what material is brucella found
Placenta
T/F: brucella may be transferred vertically and horizontally
T
Bacteria that causes lymphadenitis
Brucella
Brucella bacteria multiples in the
Phagocytes
What organs/glands are invaded by brucella (4 answers)
Spleen,
LN,
Mammary gland,
Uterus
What produces erythritol
Fetus
Stimulates growth of Brucella
Erythritol
In cases of brucellosis, abortion takes place after ___ months
5
During necropsy of Brucella-infected animal, the placenta is found to be ___
Edematous
During necropsy of Brucella-infected animal, the chorion’s external surface have ____
Leathery plaques
Tube agglutination test is used as diagnostic test in what disease
Brucellosis
T/F: to control brucellosis, infected and exposed animals must be slaughtered
T
What bacteria:
rod-shaped, endospore-forming aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, Gram-positive bacteria
Brucella
lab test done as large-scale screening of sera from buffaloes/carabaos
Brucella Rose Bengal Test
2 Major sheep-producing regions
NZ,
Australia
Animal source of infection of B. ovis
Ram/ male sheep
How is brucellosis passed between rams
Passive venereal infection,
Direct ram-to-ram
Vaccine used in cases of sheep brucellosis
live Brucella melitensis Rev 1 strain
2 antibiotics given as treatment for sheep brucellosis
Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate,
Oxytetracycline
Goats and sheep are highly susceptible to this species of brucella
Brucella melitensis
B. melitensis causes what disease in humans
Mediterranean fever or Malta
Brucella species with high risk of bioterrorism/ agroterrorism
B. melitensis
Principal manifestation of brucellosis
reproductive failure in males & females
Another term for brucellosis
Bang’s disease
diseases that have potential for very serious and rapid spread
first priority diseases
