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Ruminant Med: ICBP > Second Priority Diseases > Flashcards

Second Priority Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

7 Second Priority Diseases (Hint: B5FSL)

A

• Blackleg
• Bovine anaplasmosis
• Bovine babesiosis
• Bovine tuberculosis
• Brucellosis
• Fasciolosis (Liver fluke disease)
• Surra (Trypanosomiasis)
• Leptospirosis

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2
Q

are communicable diseases which are considered to be of socioeconomic and/or public health importance

A

Secondary Priority Disease

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3
Q

Diseases which are very serious and spreads rapidly

A

First Priority Diseases

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4
Q

Causative agent of True Blackleg

A

Clostridium chauvoei

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5
Q

Causative agent of False Blackleg

A

Clostridium septicum,
Clostridium novyi

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6
Q

Blackleg is also termed as

A

Clostridial myositis

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7
Q

Necrotizing myositis (gas gangrene) is common in what ruminant age?

A

2 months to 2 years old

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8
Q

Acute febrile disease of cattle and sheep

A

Blackleg

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9
Q

Blackleg distribution

A

Worldwide

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10
Q

Which animals are predisposed/ more prone to Blackleg?

A

healthy heavily muscled animals

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11
Q

More accurate term for False Blackleg

A

Malignant edema

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12
Q

Blackleg is gram +/-?
Aerobic or anaerobic?

A

Gram positive ,
Anaerobic

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13
Q

Blackleg is spore/nonspore-forming?

A

Spore forming

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14
Q

Case fatality rate of Blackleg

A

100%

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15
Q

MOT of Blackleg

A

Soil-borne

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16
Q

Endemicity of Blackleg

A

areas where there is occurence of frequent flooding, excavation of soil

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17
Q

Mostly affected organs in Blackleg

A
  • spleen
  • Liver
  • Alimentary tract
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18
Q

T/F: Blackleg spreads through the feces of animals

A

T

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19
Q

T/F: in cases of blackleg, recovered animals are IMMUNE to subsequent attacks

A

T

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20
Q

MOT of blackleg that causes herd outbreak

A

Ingestion,
Via open wound

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21
Q

What is the causative agent of malignant edema

A

Clostridium septicum

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22
Q

Blackleg may occur on which species

A

Cattle,
Buffalo,
Sheep

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23
Q

In sheep, which may activate dormant spores?

A

Vaccines with formalin –> damage to muscles/tissue –> activate dormant spores

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24
Q

How can sheep get blackleg (2 ways)

A

Trauma,
Wounds

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25
Q

In NZ, blackleg is more common in (sheep vs cattle)

A

Sheep

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26
Q

In cattle, blackleg is usually a ____ infection

A

Endogenous (An infection caused by an infectious agent that is present on or in the host prior to the start of the infection)

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27
Q

In blackleg, What causes putrefaction of stomach contents

A

Absence of motility

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28
Q

In blackleg, What depresses the gastric center in the brain

A

Pyrogens (substances that can produce fever)

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29
Q

What should be given if fever is interfering to normal activities

A

Antipyretics

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30
Q

T/F: in blackleg, there is no fever if infection is due to wound

A

T

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31
Q

2 lab tests done for the diagnosis of blackleg

A

Bacteriology,
Histology

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32
Q

Rapid and reliable diagnostic test to detect C. chauvoei

A

fluorescent antibody test

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33
Q

First choice antibiotic for blackleg

A

Penicillin: 4000-8000IU/kg IM for 4-5days

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34
Q

Surgical procedure which may be done in cases of Blackleg

A

fasciotomy (surgical debridement)

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35
Q

Vaccines for blackleg are made up of

A

Polyvalent bacterin (killed antigens/ bacteria)

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36
Q

T/F: Blackleg may be treated by:

-Proper disposal of carcasses (deep burial or burning of the carcass)

-Disinfection

A

F. Must be “prevented”

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37
Q

The primary source of reinfection of a herd with blackleg is:

A

Animals dying of blackleg

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38
Q

In cases of blackleg in sheep, vaccination against ____ predisposes sheep for infection

A

Enterotoxemia

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39
Q

T/F: not all tuberculosis/mycobacterium are chronic and contagious

A

F. All

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40
Q

2 causative agents of bovine tuberculosis

A

Mycobacterium bovis,
Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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41
Q

Bovine tuberculosis produces ____ nodules

A

Primary caseous nodules

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42
Q

Is blackleg contagious?

A

No

43
Q

Is blackleg zoonotic

A

No

44
Q

Is bovine tuberculosis zoonotic

A

Yes

45
Q

Disease with possibility of reverse zoonosis

A

Tuberculosis

46
Q

T/F: cats and dogs may also be sources of tuberculosis infection

A

T

47
Q

Mycobacterium organism is excreted via (Hint: FEMS)

A

Feces,
Exhaled air,
Milk,
Sputum

48
Q

1 causative agent of tuberculosis

A

M. bovis

49
Q

1 cause of infection of Bovine tuberculosis

A

Consumption or ingestion of raw milk (humans)

50
Q

MOTs of tuberculosis (hint: IDI)

A

Inhalation,
Direct contact,
Ingestion of contaminated feces in feed

51
Q

Affected organ in cases of tuberculosis

A

Lungs

52
Q

Mode of entry of tuberculosis (hint: GURS)

A

GIT,
Skin,
Respiratory tract,
Uterine vein in fetuses

53
Q

1 cause of Mortality in animals in cases of tuberculosis

A

Respiratory tract MOT

54
Q

Sources of infection of Tuberculosis (hint: CCSSUFO)

A

Contaminated milk,
Contaminated feed & water,
Sputum,
Saliva,
Urine,
Feces,
Other animals (cats and dogs)

55
Q

Inhaled tuberculosis bacilli are phagocytosed by ____

A

Alveolar macrophages

56
Q

In cases of tuberculosis in Buffalo, the color of the intestine and carcass is ___

A

White

57
Q

In cases of tuberculosis in Cattle, the color of the intestine and carcass is ___

A

Yellow

58
Q

In cases of tuberculosis in other animals, the color of the intestine and carcass is ___

A

Grey

59
Q

During necropsy of tuberculosis-infected animals, the pleura of the thoracic cavity have _____

A

Pearl-like nodules

60
Q

During necropsy of tuberculosis-infected animals, inactive lesions may be ____

A

Calcified and encapsulated

61
Q

During necropsy of tuberculosis-infected animals, lesions may be found in what organs (4 answers)

A

Lungs,
Liver,
Spleen,
Kidney

62
Q

Diagnostic tests for tuberculosis (hint: SCIZTP)

A

Single Intradermal Test,
Comparative Intradermal Test,
Isolation of organism,
Ziehl-Neelsen technique,
Tuberculin Skin Testing,
PCR

63
Q

Drug used to treat active tuberculosis

A

Isoniazid

64
Q

Vaccine given to prevent tuberculosis;
when incidence is high and test and slaughter programs are impossible

A

Bacille Calmette Guerin vaccine

65
Q

Reaction to Single intradermal (SID) test is read between ___ and ___

A

48-96 hrs

66
Q

What Tuberculin are injected simultaneously during Comparative test

A

Avian and bovine tuberculin

67
Q

Comparative test reaction is read after ____ hrs

A

72

68
Q

T/F: agents of tuberculosis are obligate parasites

A

T

69
Q

Brucellosis is also termed as (UMACB)

A

Undulant fever,
Mediterranean fever,
Abortus fever,
Contagious abortion,
Bang’s disease

70
Q

T/F: Brucellosis is either an acute or chronic CONTAGIOUS disease

A

T

71
Q

On what areas do brucella localize?

A

Lymph nodes,
Genital organ

72
Q

Causative agent of brucella in cattle

A

Brucella abortus

73
Q

Brucellosis affects ___ pregnancy in mature cattle

A

3 months

74
Q

Animals affected by Brucellosis (but are not reservoir) includes (3 answers)

A

Sheep,
Goats,
Dog

75
Q

Most import disease in beef cattle production (calves)

A

Brucella abortus

76
Q

Causative agent of brucellosis in goats

A

Brucella melitensis

77
Q

Causative agent of brucellosis in sheep

A

Brucella ovis

78
Q

Is brucella zoonotic?

A

Yes

79
Q

Brucella species that is not zoonotic

A

Brucella ovis

80
Q

From what material is brucella found

A

Placenta

81
Q

T/F: brucella may be transferred vertically and horizontally

A

T

82
Q

Bacteria that causes lymphadenitis

A

Brucella

83
Q

Brucella bacteria multiples in the

A

Phagocytes

84
Q

What organs/glands are invaded by brucella (4 answers)

A

Spleen,
LN,
Mammary gland,
Uterus

85
Q

What produces erythritol

A

Fetus

86
Q

Stimulates growth of Brucella

A

Erythritol

87
Q

In cases of brucellosis, abortion takes place after ___ months

A

5

88
Q

During necropsy of Brucella-infected animal, the placenta is found to be ___

A

Edematous

89
Q

During necropsy of Brucella-infected animal, the chorion’s external surface have ____

A

Leathery plaques

90
Q

Tube agglutination test is used as diagnostic test in what disease

A

Brucellosis

91
Q

T/F: to control brucellosis, infected and exposed animals must be slaughtered

A

T

92
Q

What bacteria:
rod-shaped, endospore-forming aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, Gram-positive bacteria

A

Brucella

93
Q

lab test done as large-scale screening of sera from buffaloes/carabaos

A

Brucella Rose Bengal Test

94
Q

2 Major sheep-producing regions

A

NZ,
Australia

95
Q

Animal source of infection of B. ovis

A

Ram/ male sheep

96
Q

How is brucellosis passed between rams

A

Passive venereal infection,
Direct ram-to-ram

97
Q

Vaccine used in cases of sheep brucellosis

A

live Brucella melitensis Rev 1 strain

98
Q

2 antibiotics given as treatment for sheep brucellosis

A

Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate,
Oxytetracycline

99
Q

Goats and sheep are highly susceptible to this species of brucella

A

Brucella melitensis

100
Q

B. melitensis causes what disease in humans

A

Mediterranean fever or Malta

101
Q

Brucella species with high risk of bioterrorism/ agroterrorism

A

B. melitensis

102
Q

Principal manifestation of brucellosis

A

reproductive failure in males & females

103
Q

Another term for brucellosis

A

Bang’s disease

104
Q

diseases that have potential for very serious and rapid spread

A

first priority diseases

Ruminant Med: ICBP (7 decks)

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