SECOND PRIORITY (3) Flashcards
surra is transmitted by hematophagous flies called:
stomoxys and tabanus
CA of surra
t. evansi, congolense, brucei, vivax
trypanosomiasis pathogenesis
__ into skin via insect bite
↓
Localized swellings
↓
Infect __
↓
Rapid division in the bloodstream
↓
____– attach to endothelial cells
_____ - invade tissues and
cause damage
Tryopanosomes into skin via insect bite
↓
Localized swellings
↓
Infect LN
↓
Rapid division in the bloodstream
↓
*T. congolense – attach to endothelial cells
*T. brucei and T. vivax - invade tissues and
cause damage
T. evansi infections of cattle and buffalo usually
lead to pronounced
immunosuppression
ausative agent of leptospirosis
l. interrogans
earned its name from a characteristic hooked appearance that resembles a question mark
leptospirosis
t/f all serovars of Leptospira are pathogenic, and many are associated with a reservoir species in which little disease is apparent.
f
many serovars are highly prevalent within maintenance host populations and persist in the ___ and ___
kidneys or genital tract.
high antibody responses and low tissue burdens are typical in these animals. with lepto
low abs
leptospira is resistant to dessication T/F
freezing, dehydration, and UV radiation inactivate leptospires
majority of leptospira serovars have specific maintenance hosts
t
Leptospira serovars known to cause disease in mammals have been isolated from __
amphibians
3rd most impt dx in indonesia
surra
dz that can be inoculated in mice for lab dx
surra
pH preference of leptospira
neutral to slight alkalaine
all are serovars of canids except
a. bratislava
b. canicola
c. icterohemorrhagiae
d. pomona
e. hardjo
f. grippotyphosa
none
lepto can be transmitted venerally or tranplacentally
t. but not all serovars
encourages persistence of lepto in the environment.
rainfall
Maintenance hosts typically do not develop significant clinical disease
tr
develops rapidly and is a significant contributor to mortality in lepto infected animals
Acute renal injury
hosts that develop reproductive disease acutely (lepto)
incidental hosts
incidental hosts for lepto remain subclinical for weeks to months t.f
f. maintenance
Best available method to determine infecting serovar of lepto
bacterial culture
Does not provide serovar-specific results
PCR
standard serological test for diagnosing leptospirosis,
MAT
In experienced hands, the _ of leptospires is one of the most specific methods of demonstrating
their presence,
isolation
agar used for culure of lepto
Bismuth sulphite agar
Addition of 0.4–5% ___ to semisolid culture medium enhances the chances of isolating fastidious
leptospiral serovars
rabbit serum
less fastidious serovars of lepto
Pomona and Grippotyphosa
are increasingly used for the detection of leptospires in
tissues and body fluids of animals because of their perceived sensitivity and capacity to give an early
diagnosis.
PCR
Subsequent differentiation to the
serovar level was traditionally by __, although for most isolates this is now being done using less time-consuming methods such as monoclonal antibodies (MAbs).
cross-agglutination absorption
is the laboratory procedure most frequently used to confirm the clinical diagnosis, to determine
herd prevalence, and to conduct epidemiological studies
serology testing
uses live antigens is the most widely used serological test
MAT
