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Pharmacology and the Nursing Process > SECOND GROUP OF CLASSIFICATIONS > Flashcards

SECOND GROUP OF CLASSIFICATIONS Flashcards

1
Q

psychotropics -Prototype

A

chlorpromazine (Thorazine)

fluphenazine(Prolixin)

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2
Q

psychotropics action

A

Thought to work by blocking the release of dopamine in the brain
Some block both dopamine and serotonin receptors in the brain

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3
Q

psychotropics indications

A

psychotic disorders-schizophrenia, major depression, bipolar affective disorder

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4
Q

psychotropics therapeutic effects

A

treat extreme mania, bipolar disorder

act as tranquilizers or neuroleptics

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5
Q

psychotropic adverse effects

A 
Sedation
Hypotension
Photophobia
Photosensitivity
Dry mouth
Tardivedyskinesia
Extrapyramidal(EPS) effects: symptoms that resemble those of Parkinson’s disease:
Akathisia
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6
Q

psychotropic: one assessment needed for administration and f/u

A

assessment of all body systems before and during therapy

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7
Q

psychotropic desired/successful outcomes

A

thinking is clearer, conversation is more appropriate, fewer hallucinations

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8
Q

barbiturates prototype

A

phenobarbital

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9
Q

barbiturates action

A

Are CNS depressants that act primarily on the brainstem in an area called the reticular formation. They reduce (inhibit) the nerve impulses traveling to the area of the brain called the cerebral cortex

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10
Q

barbiturates indication

A

used as hypnotics, sedatives and anticonvulsants and anesthesia (no longer used for sleep induction)

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11
Q

barbiturates therapeutic effects

A

ultrashort acting: anesthesia for short surgical procedures, anesthesia indication, control of convulsions and reduction of intracranial pressure in neurosurgical patients

short acting: sedation and control of convulsive conditions

intermediate acting: sedation and control of convulsive conditions

long acting: epileptic seizure prophylaxis

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12
Q

barbiturates adverse effects

A

drowsiness, lethargy, dizziness, hangover (prolongation of drowsiness, lethargy and dizziness) and paradoxical restlessness or excitement.

  • Vasodilation
  • Hypotension
  • Respiratory depression
  • Drowsiness
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13
Q

barbiturates one assessment needed for administration and f/u

A

before: vital signs with attention to BP (both supine and standing measurements; pulse rate and rhythm; respiratory rate, rhythm and depth; body temperature; and presence of pain. Conduct a thorough patient assessment as well as evaluations for cautions, contraindications, and drug interactions

f/u: observe and document the patients level of consciousness or sedation; orientation to person,place and tim; respiratory rate; oxygen saturation and other vital signs

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14
Q

barbiturates desired/successful outcomes

A

an increase ability to sleep at night, fewer awakenings, shorter sleep induction time, few adverse affects such as hangover effects and an improved sense of well-being because of improved sleep

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15
Q

benzodiazepines prototypes

A 
Diazepam (Valium)
Lorazepam(Ativan)
Alprazolam(Xanax)
Oxazapam(Serax)
Triazolam(Halcion)
Midazolam(Versed)
Chlordiazepoxide(Librium)
temazepam (Restoril)

Miscellaneous nonbenzodiazepine
Zolpidem(Ambien)

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16
Q

benzodiazepines action

A

Depress the reticular-activating system of brain
Results in muting of incoming stimuli
May have muscle relaxing effect
Always a sedating and anti anxiety effect

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17
Q

benzodiazepines indication

A 
sedation, anxiety management
anxiety disorders
Insomnia
Relaxants
Control of seizures
Perioperativesedation
Alcohol detoxification
18
Q

benzodiazepines therapeutic effects

A

anti-anxiety agents, anticonvulsants, sedative/hypnotics

relief of anxiety
sedation
skeletal muscle relaxation
decreased seizure activity

19
Q

benzodiazepines adverse effects

A

Suppress the Central Nervous System, so …… sedation

Other side effects:
Dry mouth
Disorientation
Partial amnesia
Respiratory depression
20
Q

benzodiazepines:one assessment needed for administration and f/u

A

before: taking BP

f/u: assessment of alertness, orientation, and sensory/motor functioning as well as any complaints of ataxia or headaches. Eye examination. Monitoring BP and postural BP

21
Q

benzodiazepines desired/successful outcomes

A

improved mental alertness, cognition, and mood; fewer anxiety and panic attacks; improved sleep patterns and appetite, more interest in self and others; less tension and irritability; and fewer feelings of fear, impending doom and stress

22
Q

amphetamines (CNS stimulants) prototype

A

amphetamine salt, adderall, adderall XR

23
Q

amphetamines (CNS stimulants) action

A

causes release of norepinephrine from nerve endings

24
Q

amphetamines (CNS stimulants) indication

A

ADHD and narcolepsy

25
Q

amphetamines (CNS stimulants) therapeutic effects

A

increased motor activity, mental alertness and decreased fatigue in narcoleptic patients. Increased attention span in ADHD

26
Q

amphetamines (CNS stimulants) adverse effects

A

hyperactivity, insomnia, restlessness, tremor, sudden death, palpitations, tachycardia and anorexia

27
Q

amphetamines (CNS stimulants):one assessment needed for administration and f/u

A

before: monitor BP, pulse and respiation ,obtain a family history of sudden death or ventricular arrhythmia, physical exam to assess for cardiac disease

f/u: monitor BP, pulse and respiration, monitor for behavior change

28
Q

amphetamines (CNS stimulants) desired/successful outcomes

A
  • improved attention span

- decreased in narcoleptic symptoms

29
Q

anti epileptic drugs prototype

A 
Phenytoin(Dilantin) one of the oldest
Others:
Carbamazepine(Tegretol)
Valproicacid (Depakote)
Lamotrigine(Lamictal)
Levetiracetam(Keppra)
Gabapentin(Neurontin)
30
Q

anti epileptic drugs action

A

they alter the movement of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium ions. The changes in the movement of these ions result in more stabilized and less excitable cell membranes

31
Q

anti epileptic drugs indication

A

Used to prevent and treat seizure disorders

32
Q

anti epileptic drugs therapeutic effects

A

diminished seizure activity

33
Q

anti epileptic drugs adverse effects

A 
Drowsiness
Nystagmus
Dizziness
Visual changes
Liver inflammation
Blood dyscrasias
Gingival hyperplasia (Dilantin)
Suicidal ideation (black box warning)
34
Q

anti epileptic drugs: one assessment needed for administration and f/u

A

before: preform a thorough physical assessment and obtain a comprehensive health and medical history (note any type of seizure disorder, precipitating events and the duration, frequency and intensity of the seizure activity)
after: assess the pt for changes in mental status/ level of consciousness, affect, eye problems or visual disorders

35
Q

anti epileptic drugs desired/successful outcomes

A

seizure activity is decreased or absent

36
Q

antidepressants prototype

37
Q

antidepressants action

A

-Alter the neurotransmitters and the sensitivity
of their receptors in the CNS.
 Thought that depression may be due to low
levels of neurotransmitters in the brain
 So drugs may normalize abnormal
neurotransmission systems in the brain

38
Q

antidepressants indication

A

All effective in treating depression
Post traumatic stress disorder
Eating disorders

39
Q

antidepressants therapeutic effects

40
Q

antidepressants adverse effects

A

Drowsiness, sedation
Orthostatic hypotension
Anticholinergicside effects

41
Q

antidepressants: one assessment needed for administration and f/u

42
Q

antidepressants: desired/successful outcomes

A

patients report feeling happier and full of energy

Pharmacology and the Nursing Process (20 decks)

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