DRUGS AND HOW THEY WORK Flashcards
opioids action
-blocking receptors in the CNS, when those receptors are blocked, the perception of pain is blocked
-Bind to receptors in the spinal cord, thus blocking the release of neurotransmitters involved in pain transmission.
Suppress the Central Nervous System
opioids rationales for use
Used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain.
opioids prototype
morphine – meperidine(Demerol) codeine hydromorphone(Dilaudid) – fentanyl(Duragesic) oxycodone(+ acetaminophen = Percocet) Hydrocodone(+acetaminophen= Vicodin)
opioids therapeutic effects
alleviate moderate to severe pain, reduce cough, relieve diarrhea and induce anesthesia
opioids adverse effects
CNS depression ◦Respiratory depression ◦Disorientation ◦Sedation Constipation Nausea and vomiting Pruritis (itching) Urinary retention
opioids assessments before giving
Allergies Alcohol use Pain level Level of consciousness Vital signs
opioids teaching
For patients on long term opioids, instruct on ways to counteract the side effects of constipation
opioids successful outcomes
Patient will report decreased or no pain
acetaminophen action
causes pain impulses to be blocked peripherally, in response to the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.
acetaminophen rationales for use
To lower temperature (fever) and to relieve mild to moderate pain
acetaminophen prototype
abenol ,acephen, APAP, aspirin free anionic, cetafen, feverall, infantaire, little fevers, mapap, nortemp children, ofirmev, pain eze, silapap, silapap, silapap infants, tylenol, valorin
acetaminophen therapeutic effects
analgesia, antipyresis
acetaminophen adverse effects
Liver toxicity with an over dosage or frequent ingestion of large amounts over time
- rash
- nausea
- vomiting
- blood disorders or dycrasias (anemias)
- hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicities
acetaminophen assessment before giving
- overall health status
- alcohol usage
- self-medication: amt, frequency and type of drugs taken (esp with OTC drugs)
- assess type, location and intensity of pain
- assess fever, not signs of: diaphoresis, tachycardia, and malaise
- elvatuate hapatic, hematologic and renal function
acetaminophen teaching
- Don’t take with alcohol
- Follow the package dosaging instructions
acetaminophen successful outcomes
- relief to mild to moderate pain
- reduction of fever