CHAPTER 12: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DEPRESSANTS AND MUSCLE RELAXANTS Flashcards

1
Q

barbiturates

A

a class of drugs that are chemical derivatives of barbituric acid. They are used to induce sedation

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2
Q

benzdiazepines

A

a chemical category of drugs most frequently prescribed as anxiolytic drugs and less frequently as sedative-hypnotic agents

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3
Q

gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

A

the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter found in the brain. A key compound affected by sedative, anxiolytic, psychotropic and muscle relaxing medications

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4
Q

hypnotics

A

drugs that, when given at low to moderate dosages, calm or soothe the CNS without inducing sleep but when given at high dosages cause sleep

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5
Q

non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep

A

the largest portion of the sleep cycle. It has four stages and precedes REM sleep. Most of a normal sleep cycle consists of non-REM sleep

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6
Q

rapid eye movement (REM)

A

one of the stages of the sleep cycle. Some of the characteristics of REM sleep are rapid eye movement of the eyes, vivid dreams, and irregular breathing

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7
Q

REM interference

A

a drug-induced reduction of REM sleep time

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8
Q

REM rebound

A

excessive REM sleep following discontinuation of a sleep-altering drug

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9
Q

sedatives

A

drugs that have an inhibitory effect on the CNS to the degree that they reduce nervousness, excitability, and irritability without causing sleep

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10
Q

sedative-hypnotics

A

drugs that can act in the body either as sedatives or as hypnotics

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11
Q

sleep

A

a transient, reversible, and periodic state of rest in which there is decrease in physical activity and consciousness

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12
Q

sleep architecture

A

the structure of the various elements involved in the sleep cycle, including normal and abnormal patterns of sleep

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13
Q

therapeutic index

A

the ratio between the toxic and therapeutic concentrations of a drug. if the index is low, the difference between the therapeutic and toxic drug concentrations is small, and use of the drug is more hazardous

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