Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

OB > Second and Third Trimester OB > Flashcards

Second and Third Trimester OB Flashcards

1
Q

Congenital absence of one or both eyes.

A

Anophthalmia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Short broad head due to premature suture fusion

A

Brachycephaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Congenital anomalies of the head due to teratogens or development disruptions of the nervous system

A

Cebocephaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Abnormally formed organs

A

Dysgenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Congenital brain anomaly resulting from a migrational defect of the occipital horns of the lateral ventricles leading to ventricular enlargement

A

Colpocephaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Malformation of an organ or structure

A

Dysmorphic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Long narrow head

A

Dolichocephaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dilatation or distention of a hollow structure

A

ectasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nares means________________

A

Nostrils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Either the rostral or caudal end of the neural tube

A

Neuropore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Posterior displacement of the maxilla and mandible

A

Retrognathia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Rostral is ________________________

A

Toward the cephalic or head end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Substance that interferes with embryonic development

A

Teratogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Central portion of the cerebellum between the hemispheres

A

Vermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

According to guidelines set by the American College of Radiology, the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist and the Society of Radiologist in Ultrasound, what are the minimal elements that must be included in the fetal anatomic examination?

A
  1. Lateral cerebral ventricles
  2. Choroid plexus
  3. Midline falx
  4. Cavum septi pellucidi
  5. Cerebellum
  6. Cisterna magna
  7. upper lip
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Neural plate development completes at approximately days ___________ to __________

A

18 to 23

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

At approximately __________ menstrual weeks, the neural tube differentiates into the primitive brain and spinal cord

A

Six

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What three segments make up the brain?

A

Prosencephalon(forebrain)
Mesencephalon ( midbrain)
Rhombencephalon ( Hind brain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The forebrain becomes the_________ and the __________ resulting in the development of the __________, ____________ __________, ____________ ____________, and the ___________ __________.

A

Telencephalon and diencephalon
thalami, third ventricle, cerebral hemispheres, lateral ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

As the brain developes, the choroid plexus takes it’s position in the ____________ area of the ___________ ___________.

A

posterior
lateral ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The metencephalon and myelencephalon arise from the anechoic _____________

A

Rhombencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The upper portion of the fourth ventricle, pons and cerebellum originate from the __________

A

Metencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

BPD is measured at the level of the ___________ and ___________

A

thalami and cavum septi pellucidi or columns of the fornix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Define microcephaly

A

“Small Head”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Define Macrocephaly
"Large Head", a HC two or three standard deviations above the mean for gestational age and sex
26
The image of the cerebellum may be obtained in a plane _________and __________to the BPD level.
parallel and inferior
27
In an endovaginal approach the lateral ventricles can be clearly seen by _____to _____ weeks of gestation as an ovoid structure filled with ___________ __________.
12 to 13 Choroid plexus
28
Using the transabdominal approach , the lateral ventricles readily image by ______ weeks gestation as paired anechoic areas within the brain substance
16
29
A prominent echogenic area is often seen in the lateral ventricle which represents the ___________ ___________.
Choroid plexus
30
By _______to ________ weeks gestation the corpus callosum is nearly fully developed.
18 - 20
31
The __________ _________ contains the cerebellum, the fourth ventricle, and the cisterna magna.
Posterior fossa
32
In the axial plane at the level of the biparietal diameter, what minimal structures that should be seen?
Thalmi, third ventricles, cavum septum pellucidum
33
In the axial plane when imaging the cerebellum, what are the structures that should be seen?
Cerebellum, cisterna magna, vermis
34
When imaging the face in the coronal plane, what should be seen?
soft tissues of the nose, lip and chin
35
When imaging the face in the sagittal plane of the profile, what should be seen?
Confirm correct symmetry of forehead, nose, lips and chin
36
Hypotelorism is most commonly associated with_______________
Holoprosencephaly
37
____________is a increased orbital distance, occuring in either isolation , with malformations, or as part of a syndrome.
Hypertelorism
38
Syndromes associated with hypertelorism include _________, ___________, ____________, ______________-__________ and _____________ _______________.
Apert, Crouzon, Noonan, Pena-Shokeir and Pfeiffer syndromes
39
Orbital diameter smaller than the fifth percentile for gestational age
Microphthalmia
40
_______________ in a fetus images as the tongue extending beyond the teeth or alveolar ridge.
Macroglossia
41
Macroglossia may be seen in images of fetuses with trisomy _________ and ____________-_____________ syndrome
21 Beckwith-Weidmann
42
Severely hypoplastic mandible
Micrognathia
43
What type of ectopic pregnancy is surrounded by less than 5 mm of myometrium
Interstitial
44
What is the failure of pregnancy to develop?
Anembryonic
45
During a sonographic examination on a first trimester pregnancy, a crescent shaped complex fluid collection is seen between the gestational sac and uterine wall, what is the most likely cause?
Subchorionic hemorrhage
46
What is the most common location of an ectopic pregnancy
Ampulla of the fallopian tubes
47
A congenital fissure that remains open past 11 weeks in the wall of the abdomen just to the right of the umbilical cord is
Gastroschisis
48
Cranial anatomy is routinely visualized after how many gestational weeks
12-14 weeks
49
A partial absence of the cranium is called
Acrania
50
Multiple tiny clusters of grape like echoes within the uterine cavity best describes
Gestational trophoblastic disease
51
Neural plate development completes at days
18-23
52
What is the sonographic characteristic of cephalocele
Complex paracranial mass
53
What is a sonographic feature of anencephaly
Frogeyes
54
During a sonographic examination a wide high third ventricle, teardrop-shaped ventricle, a widened ventricular atria, absent cavum septi pellucid, and a sunburst appearance of the gyri and suli were imaged in the fetal brain, what malformation do these findings support?
Agenesis of the corpus callosum
55
A large herniation of the posterior fossa contents into the foramen magnum with hydrocephalus and myelomeningocele describes which type of Arnold-Chiari malformation?
IV
56
Beta hCG levels plateau at __________ weeks
9-11
57
Define the discriminatory cutoff for beta hCG
The level when an embryo visualizes on ultrasound
58
What type of pregnancy is indicated by movement of an hourglass-shaped gestational sac with pressure from the endovaginal transducer?
Pending miscarriage
59
What type of resolution describes the minimum distance between two bright echoes perpendicular to the beam path?
Axial
60
What is the ratio of the BPD and the OFD called?
Cephalic Index
61
What is the correct method to measure the BPD
Transverse, lateral outer to inner
62
What are the anatomic landmarks used to determine the correct level to measure the BPD
Thalamus, Falx, Cavum septum pellucidum
63
Which measurement is the most important indicator of fetal weight?
Abdominal Circumference (AC)
64
What portion of the femur does the sonographer measure to obtain the length?
Osseous femoral diaphysis
65
What weight is considered macrosomia?
> 4000 g
66
What is the congenital absence of one or both eyes
Anophthalmia
67
Head end of the neural tube
Rostral
68
Long narrow head
dolichocephaly
69
Term describing the ability of embryonic cells to differentiate into any cell type
Pluripotent
70
What malformation demonstrates cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle
Dandy - Walker malformation
71
Absence of the major portion of the brain, skull and scalp
Anencephaly
72
Type of holoprosencephaly where most of the brain has separated into two hemispheres but the cerebral hemispheres are fused at the frontal cortex
Lobar
73
Which is the most severe form of holoprosencephaly
Alobar
74
Neural tube defect resulting from incomplete closure of the bony elements of the spine
Spina Bifida
75
Abdominal wall defect where the abdominal organs develop outside of the baby's abdominal cavity and remain attached directly to the placenta
Body stalk anomaly
76
Birth defect that is a sac like structure with a thin wall that most commonly occurs in the head and neck area
Cystic Hygroma
77
One or more extra fingers or toes
Polydactyl
78
Large amount of fluid build up in a baby's tissue and organs causing extensive swelling
Hydrops
79
What is the cephalic index formula
BPD/OFDx100
80
What are the three segments that make up the brain
Prosencephalon (forebrain) Mesencephalon (midbrain) Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)
81
Short broad head due to premature suture fusion
Brachycephalic
82
Microcephaly/Microencephaly
Small head
83
Macrocephaly
Large head
84
__________________carries more than 80% of cerebral blood flow and can be used to assess fetal well being
MCA (middle cerebral artery)
85
Between 16 and 24 weeks gestation, the cerebellar diameter measured in millimeters correlates _____________with gestational age
1:1
86
Which phase of pregnancy provides the most accurate dating
early embryonic phase
87
The normal duration of pregnancy is
40 weeks from the LMP (38 week gestation + or - 2 to 3 weeks
88
Lateral resolution is
across the path of the beam
89
The most common and routine measurements to assess the fetal growth and well being are
BPD, HC, AC, FL
90
To estimate an accurate fetal age, the BPD measurement should be obtained before ________________ weeks
33
91
Shortening of the ventricle dimension of the skull and widening of both diameters of the transverse plane
platycephaly
92
Preferred technique for measuring the fetal abdomen and head circumference is
ellipse
93
Normally conception takes place about ______ weeks after the LMP
two
94
A structure within the cranium that maintains a relationship to fetal growth throughout pregnancy is the
cerebellum
95
The femur measurement can reliably used after __________ weeks gestation
14
96
The choroid plexus invaginates into the
ventricles
97
The metencephalon and myelencephalon are part of the
rhombencephalon
98
What is the alternative measurement for the BPD
Head circumference (HC)
99
The most studied artery in the fetal brain is the
MCA (middle cerebral artery)
100
The frequent anomaly noted with cleft palate or cleft lip is
club foot
101
Normal cisterna magna measurement
1 cm
102
A fetal brain with no recognizable cerebral cortex and defined thalami and cerebellum is
Hydranencephaly
103
Dandy-Walker malformation consist of
Marked cystic dilation of the fourth ventricle
104
Smooth cerebral surface after 20 weeks
Lissencephaly
105
A markedly retroflexed neck is an indication
Iniencephaly
106
Enlargement of the ventricles and cerebrospinal fluid displacement of the choroid plexus results in a condition called
Dangling choroid plexus
107
A measurement of the lateral ventricular atrium should not exceed
1 cm
108
The forebrain is also know as the
Prosencephalon
109
The great cerebral vein is also called
the vein of galen
110
The third ventricle is positioned between the ___________ and the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles
thalami
111
Most frequent craniofacial anomalies
facial clefts
112
The tongue extending beyond the teeth or alveolar ridge is
macroglossia

OB (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions