Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OB > Second and Third Trimester OB > Flashcards

Second and Third Trimester OB Flashcards

1
Q

Congenital absence of one or both eyes.

A

Anophthalmia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Short broad head due to premature suture fusion

A

Brachycephaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Congenital anomalies of the head due to teratogens or development disruptions of the nervous system

A

Cebocephaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Abnormally formed organs

A

Dysgenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Congenital brain anomaly resulting from a migrational defect of the occipital horns of the lateral ventricles leading to ventricular enlargement

A

Colpocephaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Malformation of an organ or structure

A

Dysmorphic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Long narrow head

A

Dolichocephaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dilatation or distention of a hollow structure

A

ectasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nares means________________

A

Nostrils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Either the rostral or caudal end of the neural tube

A

Neuropore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Posterior displacement of the maxilla and mandible

A

Retrognathia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Rostral is ________________________

A

Toward the cephalic or head end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Substance that interferes with embryonic development

A

Teratogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Central portion of the cerebellum between the hemispheres

A

Vermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

According to guidelines set by the American College of Radiology, the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist and the Society of Radiologist in Ultrasound, what are the minimal elements that must be included in the fetal anatomic examination?

A
  1. Lateral cerebral ventricles
  2. Choroid plexus
  3. Midline falx
  4. Cavum septi pellucidi
  5. Cerebellum
  6. Cisterna magna
  7. upper lip
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Neural plate development completes at approximately days ___________ to __________

A

18 to 23

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

At approximately __________ menstrual weeks, the neural tube differentiates into the primitive brain and spinal cord

A

Six

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What three segments make up the brain?

A

Prosencephalon(forebrain)
Mesencephalon ( midbrain)
Rhombencephalon ( Hind brain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The forebrain becomes the_________ and the __________ resulting in the development of the __________, ____________ __________, ____________ ____________, and the ___________ __________.

A

Telencephalon and diencephalon
thalami, third ventricle, cerebral hemispheres, lateral ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

As the brain developes, the choroid plexus takes it’s position in the ____________ area of the ___________ ___________.

A

posterior
lateral ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The metencephalon and myelencephalon arise from the anechoic _____________

A

Rhombencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The upper portion of the fourth ventricle, pons and cerebellum originate from the __________

A

Metencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

BPD is measured at the level of the ___________ and ___________

A

thalami and cavum septi pellucidi or columns of the fornix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Define microcephaly

A

“Small Head”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Define Macrocephaly

A

“Large Head”, a HC two or three standard deviations above the mean for gestational age and sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The image of the cerebellum may be obtained in a plane _________and __________to the BPD level.

A

parallel and inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

In an endovaginal approach the lateral ventricles can be clearly seen by _____to _____ weeks of gestation as an ovoid structure filled with ___________ __________.

A

12 to 13
Choroid plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Using the transabdominal approach , the lateral ventricles readily image by ______ weeks gestation as paired anechoic areas within the brain substance

A

16

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

A prominent echogenic area is often seen in the lateral ventricle which represents the ___________ ___________.

A

Choroid plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

By _______to ________ weeks gestation the corpus callosum is nearly fully developed.

A

18 - 20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

The __________ _________ contains the cerebellum, the fourth ventricle, and the cisterna magna.

A

Posterior fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

In the axial plane at the level of the biparietal diameter, what minimal structures that should be seen?

A

Thalmi, third ventricles, cavum septum pellucidum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

In the axial plane when imaging the cerebellum, what are the structures that should be seen?

A

Cerebellum, cisterna magna, vermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

When imaging the face in the coronal plane, what should be seen?

A

soft tissues of the nose, lip and chin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

When imaging the face in the sagittal plane of the profile, what should be seen?

A

Confirm correct symmetry of forehead, nose, lips and chin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Hypotelorism is most commonly associated with_______________

A

Holoprosencephaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

____________is a increased orbital distance, occuring in either isolation , with malformations, or as part of a syndrome.

A

Hypertelorism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Syndromes associated with hypertelorism include _________, ___________, ____________, ______________-__________ and _____________ _______________.

A

Apert, Crouzon, Noonan, Pena-Shokeir and Pfeiffer syndromes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Orbital diameter smaller than the fifth percentile for gestational age

A

Microphthalmia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

_______________ in a fetus images as the tongue extending beyond the teeth or alveolar ridge.

A

Macroglossia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Macroglossia may be seen in images of fetuses with trisomy _________ and ____________-_____________ syndrome

A

21
Beckwith-Weidmann

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Severely hypoplastic mandible

A

Micrognathia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What type of ectopic pregnancy is surrounded by less than 5 mm of myometrium

A

Interstitial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is the failure of pregnancy to develop?

A

Anembryonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

During a sonographic examination on a first trimester pregnancy, a crescent shaped complex fluid collection is seen between the gestational sac and uterine wall, what is the most likely cause?

A

Subchorionic hemorrhage

46
Q

What is the most common location of an ectopic pregnancy

A

Ampulla of the fallopian tubes

47
Q

A congenital fissure that remains open past 11 weeks in the wall of the abdomen just to the right of the umbilical cord is

A

Gastroschisis

48
Q

Cranial anatomy is routinely visualized after how many gestational weeks

A

12-14 weeks

49
Q

A partial absence of the cranium is called

50
Q

Multiple tiny clusters of grape like echoes within the uterine cavity best describes

A

Gestational trophoblastic disease

51
Q

Neural plate development completes at days

52
Q

What is the sonographic characteristic of cephalocele

A

Complex paracranial mass

53
Q

What is a sonographic feature of anencephaly

54
Q

During a sonographic examination a wide high third ventricle, teardrop-shaped ventricle, a widened ventricular atria, absent cavum septi pellucid, and a sunburst appearance of the gyri and suli were imaged in the fetal brain, what malformation do these findings support?

A

Agenesis of the corpus callosum

55
Q

A large herniation of the posterior fossa contents into the foramen magnum with hydrocephalus and myelomeningocele describes which type of Arnold-Chiari malformation?

56
Q

Beta hCG levels plateau at __________ weeks

57
Q

Define the discriminatory cutoff for beta hCG

A

The level when an embryo visualizes on ultrasound

58
Q

What type of pregnancy is indicated by movement of an hourglass-shaped gestational sac with pressure from the endovaginal transducer?

A

Pending miscarriage

59
Q

What type of resolution describes the minimum distance between two bright echoes perpendicular to the beam path?

60
Q

What is the ratio of the BPD and the OFD called?

A

Cephalic Index

61
Q

What is the correct method to measure the BPD

A

Transverse, lateral outer to inner

62
Q

What are the anatomic landmarks used to determine the correct level to measure the BPD

A

Thalamus, Falx, Cavum septum pellucidum

63
Q

Which measurement is the most important indicator of fetal weight?

A

Abdominal Circumference (AC)

64
Q

What portion of the femur does the sonographer measure to obtain the length?

A

Osseous femoral diaphysis

65
Q

What weight is considered macrosomia?

66
Q

What is the congenital absence of one or both eyes

A

Anophthalmia

67
Q

Head end of the neural tube

68
Q

Long narrow head

A

dolichocephaly

69
Q

Term describing the ability of embryonic cells to differentiate into any cell type

A

Pluripotent

70
Q

What malformation demonstrates cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle

A

Dandy - Walker malformation

71
Q

Absence of the major portion of the brain, skull and scalp

A

Anencephaly

72
Q

Type of holoprosencephaly where most of the brain has separated into two hemispheres but the cerebral hemispheres are fused at the frontal cortex

73
Q

Which is the most severe form of holoprosencephaly

74
Q

Neural tube defect resulting from incomplete closure of the bony elements of the spine

A

Spina Bifida

75
Q

Abdominal wall defect where the abdominal organs develop outside of the baby’s abdominal cavity and remain attached directly to the placenta

A

Body stalk anomaly

76
Q

Birth defect that is a sac like structure with a thin wall that most commonly occurs in the head and neck area

A

Cystic Hygroma

77
Q

One or more extra fingers or toes

A

Polydactyl

78
Q

Large amount of fluid build up in a baby’s tissue and organs causing extensive swelling

79
Q

What is the cephalic index formula

A

BPD/OFDx100

80
Q

What are the three segments that make up the brain

A

Prosencephalon (forebrain)
Mesencephalon (midbrain)
Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

81
Q

Short broad head due to premature suture fusion

A

Brachycephalic

82
Q

Microcephaly/Microencephaly

A

Small head

83
Q

Macrocephaly

A

Large head

84
Q

__________________carries more than 80% of cerebral blood flow and can be used to assess fetal well being

A

MCA (middle cerebral artery)

85
Q

Between 16 and 24 weeks gestation, the cerebellar diameter measured in millimeters correlates _____________with gestational age

86
Q

Which phase of pregnancy provides the most accurate dating

A

early embryonic phase

87
Q

The normal duration of pregnancy is

A

40 weeks from the LMP (38 week gestation + or - 2 to 3 weeks

88
Q

Lateral resolution is

A

across the path of the beam

89
Q

The most common and routine measurements to assess the fetal growth and well being are

A

BPD, HC, AC, FL

90
Q

To estimate an accurate fetal age, the BPD measurement should be obtained before ________________ weeks

91
Q

Shortening of the ventricle dimension of the skull and widening of both diameters of the transverse plane

A

platycephaly

92
Q

Preferred technique for measuring the fetal abdomen and head circumference is

93
Q

Normally conception takes place about ______ weeks after the LMP

94
Q

A structure within the cranium that maintains a relationship to fetal growth throughout pregnancy is the

A

cerebellum

95
Q

The femur measurement can reliably used after __________ weeks gestation

96
Q

The choroid plexus invaginates into the

A

ventricles

97
Q

The metencephalon and myelencephalon are part of the

A

rhombencephalon

98
Q

What is the alternative measurement for the BPD

A

Head circumference (HC)

99
Q

The most studied artery in the fetal brain is the

A

MCA (middle cerebral artery)

100
Q

The frequent anomaly noted with cleft palate or cleft lip is

101
Q

Normal cisterna magna measurement

102
Q

A fetal brain with no recognizable cerebral cortex and defined thalami and cerebellum is

A

Hydranencephaly

103
Q

Dandy-Walker malformation consist of

A

Marked cystic dilation of the fourth ventricle

104
Q

Smooth cerebral surface after 20 weeks

A

Lissencephaly

105
Q

A markedly retroflexed neck is an indication

A

Iniencephaly

106
Q

Enlargement of the ventricles and cerebrospinal fluid displacement of the choroid plexus results in a condition called

A

Dangling choroid plexus

107
Q

A measurement of the lateral ventricular atrium should not exceed

108
Q

The forebrain is also know as the

A

Prosencephalon

109
Q

The great cerebral vein is also called

A

the vein of galen

110
Q

The third ventricle is positioned between the ___________ and the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles

111
Q

Most frequent craniofacial anomalies

A

facial clefts

112
Q

The tongue extending beyond the teeth or alveolar ridge is

A

macroglossia

OB (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions