OB II Chapter 21, 22, 23, 24 and 25 Flashcards
Combination of nonimmune fetal hydrops and a cystic hygroma
lymphangiectasia
Incomplete fusion of the neural tube resulting in a cleft spinal cord
Myeloschisis
Failure of one or both testes to descend from the abdomen into the scrotal sac
cryptorchidism
Tumor composed of fat
Lipoma
Complete exposure of the spinal cord due to lack of spinal fusion
Rachischisis
How many ossification centers surround the neural canal?
three
Fetal position that offers a true sagittal view of the spine
Prone
The simplest form of spina bifida is
Spina bifida occulta
Anomalies frequently seen in the fetus relating to spina bifida involve the fetal _______________
Cranium
Fetuses affected by spina bifida aperta commonly demonstrate_____________________
Bilateral club feet
Scoliosis is an abnormal _________ curvature of the spine
lateral
A sacrococcygeal teratoma most commonly images as a protrusion between
the anus and the coccyx
Suspicion of open neural tube or abdominal wall defect is elevated with a MSAFP of
2.4 MoM
The neural tube completely closes by
Day 26
Term for slow heart rate
bradyarrhythmia
Malformation that is part of tetralogy of fallot
Valvular stenosis due to pulmonary stenosis
Congenital malformation in which the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle
Transposition of the great arteries
What type of defect has the lower portion of the atrial septum absent without a ventricular defect?
Partial atrioventricular septal defect
Where is the ventricular septal defect located in a VSD type DORV
Subaortic
Anomaly in which heart defect demonstrates reversed flow in the ductus arteriousus
Interrupted aortic arch
Spinal sonogrpahy is useful in the normal infant until approximately how many months of age?
5 to 6
What is the sonographic appearance of the spinal canal?
Anechoic
In what region is the spine larger?
Cervical and lumbar
How can one visually identify the lumbosacral junction?
Identify the kyphosis of the sacrum
What is the etiology of spinal dysraphism?
Inadequate or improper fusion of the neural tube
Which open spinal dysraphism presents as a flat plate of neural tissue flush with the skin surface?
Myelocele
On a sonogram of a patient with tethered cord, the conus medullaris will terminate at or below the level of which vertebral body?
L3
What closed spinal dysraphism are collections of fat and connective tissue that appear at least partially encapsulated and have definite connection with the spinal cord?
Spinal lipoma
What is the best transducer to routinely use to evaluate the neonatal spine?
Linear array
Both great arteries arise from the right ventricle with a VSD and pulmonary stenosis. The same process can occur with the left ventricle with associated AV and semilunar valve stenosis
Double outlet right ventricle (DORV)
Common benign tumor found in either ventricle
Rhabdomyoma
Without motion
akinetic
Apex of the heart points to the right
Dextrocardia
Also known as hypoplastic right heart. Underdevelopment of the right ventricle and hypoplasia of the tricuspid valve
Right ventricular hypoplasia
Single or multiple defect allowing oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to pass into the right ventricle
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Connection between the umbilical vein and the inferior vena cava
ductus venosus
Irregular extra contraction of the atria out of sync with ventricles
Premature atrial contractions (PACs)
Single artery spanning the ventricles
Truncus arteriosus
Impaired movement
Dyskinetic
Abnormal opening between the right and left atria
Atrial septal defect (ASD)
Congenital absence of the tricuspid valve
Tricuspid atresia
First section of the interatrial septum to form in the embryo
Septum primum
Displacement of the tricuspid valve toward the apex of the heart resulting in tricuspid stenosis and/or regurgitation, atrialization of the right ventricle
Ebstein’s anomaly
muscular projections into the ventricles that anchor the chordae tendinae of the AV valves
Papillary muscles
Narrowing of the aorta
Coarctation of the aorta
Congenital heart malformation where the aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle
Transposition of the great arteries (TGA)
Subset of cells found in the developing heart tube that will give rise to the hearts valves and septa critical to the proper formation of a four-chambered heart
Endocardial cushion
Cyanotic heart malformation with a VSD, pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary obstruction due to valvular stenosis
Tetralogy of Fallot
Opening between the atria allowing for blood flow from the right to the left during fetal life
Foramen Ovale
The fetal heart is completely formed by
the beginning of the eighth week
Fetal blood circulates within the embryo at
3 weeks postconception
Fetal oxygenated blood circulation from the placenta enters the fetus through the:
Umbilical vein to the ductus arteriosus and right atrium
Fetal blood from the IVC enters the heart
right atrium
The greatest concentration of oxygenated fetal blood is to the fetal
cranium
A normal heart orientation is
levocardia
In the normal fetal heart, which chamber is located closest to the fetal spine
Left atrium
The most common cardiac tumor is
Rhabdomyoma
The pulmonary valve receives blood from the:
Right ventricle
Toward the back or spine
Dorsal
Body in the erect position with the palms forward and feet pointed forward
anatomic position
Less echogenic or darker on a sonographic image
hypoechoic
Solitary cyst within the lung
Bronchogenic cyst
Generalized edema in the subcutaneous tissue
anasarca
An enlarged heart
cardiomegaly
Toward the feet or tail end
caudal
An inflammation of the fetal membranes (amnion/chorion) due to infection
chorioamnionitis
Birth defect of the diaphragm that allows the abdominal contents to enter the chest
congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Position of the fetus in utero
Fetal lie
Term used to describe which portion of the fetus will deliver first
Fetal presentation
Area lying between the lungs, which contains the heart, aorta, esophagus, trachea and thymus
Mediastinum chest
Semiautomated process to calculate volume using a 3D dataset
VOCAL
Congenital disorder where the spinal cord does not close before birth
Myelomeningocele (Spina Bifida)
Congenital blockage or absence of the bile duct
biliary atresia
Dilation of the renal pelvises and calices , usually caused by obstruction
Hydronephrosis
Complete absence of a body part
Aplasia
Areas of similar intensity or increased brightness on the MRI image, equivalent to isoechoic
isointense
Accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
Ascites
Reversal of normal organ position
situs inversus
Congenital lack of nerves in the colon resulting in fecal impaction and mega colon
Hirschsprung disease
Congenital absence or closing of the duodenal lumen
duodenal atresia
Bowel obstruction by mucus
Meconium ileus
Genetic abnormality in which there are three copies of a particular chromosomes
Trisomy
Bowel obstruction due to bowel twisting
Midgut volvulus
Dilation of the renal calices
Caliectasis
Formation of blood cells
Hematopoiesis
