OB II Chapter 21, 22, 23, 24 and 25 Flashcards by Lisa Davis

Combination of nonimmune fetal hydrops and a cystic hygroma

lymphangiectasia

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Incomplete fusion of the neural tube resulting in a cleft spinal cord

Myeloschisis

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Failure of one or both testes to descend from the abdomen into the scrotal sac

cryptorchidism

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Tumor composed of fat

Lipoma

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Complete exposure of the spinal cord due to lack of spinal fusion

Rachischisis

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How many ossification centers surround the neural canal?

three

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Fetal position that offers a true sagittal view of the spine

Prone

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The simplest form of spina bifida is

Spina bifida occulta

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Anomalies frequently seen in the fetus relating to spina bifida involve the fetal _______________

Cranium

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Fetuses affected by spina bifida aperta commonly demonstrate_____________________

Bilateral club feet

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Scoliosis is an abnormal _________ curvature of the spine

lateral

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A sacrococcygeal teratoma most commonly images as a protrusion between

the anus and the coccyx

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Suspicion of open neural tube or abdominal wall defect is elevated with a MSAFP of

2.4 MoM

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The neural tube completely closes by

Day 26

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Term for slow heart rate

bradyarrhythmia

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Malformation that is part of tetralogy of fallot

Valvular stenosis due to pulmonary stenosis

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Congenital malformation in which the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle

Transposition of the great arteries

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What type of defect has the lower portion of the atrial septum absent without a ventricular defect?

Partial atrioventricular septal defect

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Where is the ventricular septal defect located in a VSD type DORV

Subaortic

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Anomaly in which heart defect demonstrates reversed flow in the ductus arteriousus

Interrupted aortic arch

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Spinal sonogrpahy is useful in the normal infant until approximately how many months of age?

5 to 6

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What is the sonographic appearance of the spinal canal?

Anechoic

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In what region is the spine larger?

Cervical and lumbar

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How can one visually identify the lumbosacral junction?

Identify the kyphosis of the sacrum

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What is the etiology of spinal dysraphism?

Inadequate or improper fusion of the neural tube

Which open spinal dysraphism presents as a flat plate of neural tissue flush with the skin surface?

Myelocele

On a sonogram of a patient with tethered cord, the conus medullaris will terminate at or below the level of which vertebral body?

What closed spinal dysraphism are collections of fat and connective tissue that appear at least partially encapsulated and have definite connection with the spinal cord?

Spinal lipoma

What is the best transducer to routinely use to evaluate the neonatal spine?

Linear array

Both great arteries arise from the right ventricle with a VSD and pulmonary stenosis. The same process can occur with the left ventricle with associated AV and semilunar valve stenosis

Double outlet right ventricle (DORV)

Common benign tumor found in either ventricle

Rhabdomyoma

Without motion

akinetic

Apex of the heart points to the right

Dextrocardia

Also known as hypoplastic right heart. Underdevelopment of the right ventricle and hypoplasia of the tricuspid valve

Right ventricular hypoplasia

Single or multiple defect allowing oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to pass into the right ventricle

Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

Connection between the umbilical vein and the inferior vena cava

ductus venosus

Irregular extra contraction of the atria out of sync with ventricles

Premature atrial contractions (PACs)

Single artery spanning the ventricles

Truncus arteriosus

Impaired movement

Dyskinetic

Abnormal opening between the right and left atria

Atrial septal defect (ASD)

Congenital absence of the tricuspid valve

Tricuspid atresia

First section of the interatrial septum to form in the embryo

Septum primum

Displacement of the tricuspid valve toward the apex of the heart resulting in tricuspid stenosis and/or regurgitation, atrialization of the right ventricle

Ebstein's anomaly

muscular projections into the ventricles that anchor the chordae tendinae of the AV valves

Papillary muscles

Narrowing of the aorta

Coarctation of the aorta

Congenital heart malformation where the aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle

Transposition of the great arteries (TGA)

Subset of cells found in the developing heart tube that will give rise to the hearts valves and septa critical to the proper formation of a four-chambered heart

Endocardial cushion

Cyanotic heart malformation with a VSD, pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary obstruction due to valvular stenosis

Tetralogy of Fallot

Opening between the atria allowing for blood flow from the right to the left during fetal life

Foramen Ovale

The fetal heart is completely formed by

the beginning of the eighth week

Fetal blood circulates within the embryo at

3 weeks postconception

Fetal oxygenated blood circulation from the placenta enters the fetus through the:

Umbilical vein to the ductus arteriosus and right atrium

Fetal blood from the IVC enters the heart

right atrium

The greatest concentration of oxygenated fetal blood is to the fetal

cranium

A normal heart orientation is

levocardia

In the normal fetal heart, which chamber is located closest to the fetal spine

Left atrium

The most common cardiac tumor is

Rhabdomyoma

The pulmonary valve receives blood from the:

Right ventricle

Toward the back or spine

Dorsal

Body in the erect position with the palms forward and feet pointed forward

anatomic position

Less echogenic or darker on a sonographic image

hypoechoic

Solitary cyst within the lung

Bronchogenic cyst

Generalized edema in the subcutaneous tissue

anasarca

An enlarged heart

cardiomegaly

Toward the feet or tail end

caudal

An inflammation of the fetal membranes (amnion/chorion) due to infection

chorioamnionitis

Birth defect of the diaphragm that allows the abdominal contents to enter the chest

congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Position of the fetus in utero

Fetal lie

Term used to describe which portion of the fetus will deliver first

Fetal presentation

Area lying between the lungs, which contains the heart, aorta, esophagus, trachea and thymus

Mediastinum chest

Semiautomated process to calculate volume using a 3D dataset

VOCAL

Congenital disorder where the spinal cord does not close before birth

Myelomeningocele (Spina Bifida)

Congenital blockage or absence of the bile duct

biliary atresia

Dilation of the renal pelvises and calices , usually caused by obstruction

Hydronephrosis

Complete absence of a body part

Aplasia

Areas of similar intensity or increased brightness on the MRI image, equivalent to isoechoic

isointense

Accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity

Ascites

Reversal of normal organ position

situs inversus

Congenital lack of nerves in the colon resulting in fecal impaction and mega colon

Hirschsprung disease

Congenital absence or closing of the duodenal lumen

duodenal atresia

Bowel obstruction by mucus

Meconium ileus

Genetic abnormality in which there are three copies of a particular chromosomes

Trisomy

Bowel obstruction due to bowel twisting

Midgut volvulus

Dilation of the renal calices

Caliectasis

Formation of blood cells

Hematopoiesis