GYN Registry Review Flashcards
1
Q
Area located posterior to the broad ligaments, adjacent to the uterus, which contains the ovaries and fallopian tubes
A
Adnexa
2
Q
A protein produced by the fetal yolk sac, fetal gastrointestinal tract, and the fetal liver; may also be produced by some malignant tumors
A
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
3
Q
Birth defect in which the external genitalia appear neither recognizably male or female
A
Ambiguous genitalia
4
Q
The absence of menstruation
A
Amenorrhea
5
Q
A collection of fluid with the peritoneal cavity
A
Ascites
6
Q
Tumor marker in the blood that can indicate certain types of cancers such as cancer of the ovary, endometrium, breast, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs; stands for cancer antigen 125
A
CA-125
7
Q
Difficult or painful menstruation
A
Dysmenorrhea
8
Q
Painful sexual intercourse
A
Dyspareunia
9
Q
Painful or difficult urination
A
Dysuria
10
Q
The sonographic appearance of a structure
A
Echotexture
11
Q
A pregnancy located outside the endometrial cavity of the uterus
A
Ectopic
12
Q
The distinct layering of fluids within a cyst or cystic structure that is caused by the presence of at least two different fluid compositions
A
Fluid-filled-level
13
Q
A laboratory value that indicates the amount of red blood cells in the blood
A
Hematocrit
14
Q
Excessive hair growth in women in area where hair growth is normally negligible
A
Hirsutism
15
Q
A hormone produced by the trophoblastic cells of the early placenta; may also be used as a tumor marker in nongravid patients and males
A
Human chorionic gonadotropin (beta hCG)
16
Q
the dilation of the renal collecting system resulting from the obstruction of the flow of urine from the kidneys to the bladder; also referred to as pelvocaliectasis, pelviectasis, or pyelectasis
A
hydronephrosis
17
Q
Decreased or scant menstrual flow; regular time menses but light flow
A
hypomenorrhea
18
Q
the inability to conceive a child after 1 year of unprotected intercourse
A
Infertility
19
Q
An enzyme found within the blood that may be used to monitor renal function; may also be used as a tumor marker for some ovarian tumors
A
Lactate Dehydrogenase
20
Q
An elevated white blood cell count
A
Leukocytosis
21
Q
Ascites and pleural effusion in the presence of some benign ovarian tumors
A
Meigs Syndrome
22
Q
Excessive or prolonged bleeding between periods
A
menometrorrhagia
23
Q
Having multiple chambers or compartments
A
Multiloculated
24
Q
Growth or masses attached to the wall of a structure, most likely a cyst
A
Mural nodules
25
A mass of tissue that contains abnormal cells; also called a tumor
Neoplasm
26
An abnormality that results from the ovary twisting on its mesenteric connection, consequently cutting off blood supply to the ovary
Ovarian Torsion
27
An infection of the female genital tract that may involve the ovaries, uterus and/or the fallopian tubes
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
28
Kidney located within the pelvis
Pelvic kidney
29
The abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space
Pleural Effusion
30
A syndrome characterized by anovulatory cycles, infertility ,hirsutism, amenorrhea, and obesity; may also be referred to as Stein-Leventhal syndrome
Polycystic ovary syndrome
31
An intraperitoneal extension of mucin-secreting cells that result from the rupture of a malignant tumor of the appendix
Pseudomyxoma peritonei
32
Separations; structures that divide something into separate sections
Septations
33
An anechoic , round mass that has smooth walls and demonstrates through transmission
Simple Cyst
34
A breast cancer drug that inhibits the effects of estrogen in the breast
Tamoxifen
35
Sonogram that requires the transducer to be placed against the labia; often used for imaging the cervix
Translabial Sonogram
36
Having one chamber or compartment
Unilocular
37
Changes within the female that are caused by increased androgens; may lead to deepening of the voice and hirsutism
Virilization
38
Peritoneal outpouching located between the bladder and the uterus; also referred to as the vesicouterine pouch
Anterior cul-de-sac
39
Peripheral arteries of the uterus that lie at the edge of the myometrium
Arcuate arteries
40
Pelvic ligament that extends from the lateral aspect of the uterus to the side walls of the pelvis
Broad ligament
41
Pelvic ligament that extends from the lateral surface of the cervix to the lateral fornix of vagina and houses the uterine vasculature
Cardinal ligament
42
Pelvic muscle located posteriorly within the pelvis that helps support the sacrum
Coccygeus
43
Superior portion of the pelvis
False pelvis
44
Bilateral muscles located lateral to the uterus and anterior to the iliac crest
Iliopsoas muscles
45
Hammock shaped pelvic muscle group located between the coccyx and pubis consisting of the iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, and puborectalis
Levator ani muscles
46
Imaginary line that separates the true pelvis from the false pelvis
Linea terminalis
47
Paired pelvic muscles located lateral to the ovaries
Obturator internus muscles
48
pelvic ligaments that provides support to the ovary extending from the ovary to the lateral surface of the uterus
Ovarian ligaments
49
Group of pelvic muscles consisting of the levator ani and coccygeous muscles that provide support to the pelvic organs
Pelvic diaphram
50
Peritoneal outpouching located between the uterus and rectum; also referred to as the posterior cul-de-sac and pouch of douglas
Rectouterine pouch
51
Paired pelvic muscles located posterioriorly that extends from the sacrum to the femoral greater trochanter
Piriformis muscles
52
A condition that results from the weakening of the pelvic diaphragm muscles and allows for the displacement of the uterus, often through the vagina
Prolapse
53
Arteries that supply blood to the deeper layers of the myometrium
Radial arteries
54
Paired anterior abdominal muscles that extend from the xiphoid process of the sternum to the pubic bone
Rectus abdominis muscles
55
Extraperitoneal space located between the bladder and symphysis pubis that contains fat
Space of retzius
56
Tiny, coiled arteries that supply blood to the functional layer of the endometrium
Spiral arteries
57
Pelvic ligament that provides support to the ovary and extends from the ovaries to the pelvic side walls
Suspensory ligament of the ovary
58
Inferior portion of the pelvis that contains the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, urinary bladder, small bowel, sigmoid colon, and tectum
True pelvis
59
Branches of the internal iliac artery that supplies blood to the uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes
Uterine arteries
60
Peritoneal outpouching located between the bladder and the uterus; also referred to as the anterior cul-de-sac
Vesicouterine pouch
61
A focal mass of adenomyosis
Adenomyoma
62
The benign invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium of the uterus
Adenomyosis
63
Failure of an organ or structure to grow during embryologic development
Agenesis
64
The uterine body tilts forward and comes in contact with the cervix, forming a 90-degree angle with the cervix
Anteflexion
65
The typical version of the uterus where the uterine body tilts forward, forming a 90-degree angle with the cervix
Anteversion
66
The nonfunctional outer layer of the endometrium
Basal layer
67
A common uterine anomaly in which the endometrium divides into two horns; also referred to as bicornis unicollis
Bicornuate uterus
68
The rigid region of the uterus located between the isthmus and the vagina
Cervix
69
Physical defects that are present in a person at birth; may also be referred to as congenital anomalies
Congenital malformations
70
Areas just inferior to the fundus of the uterus where the fallopian tubes are attached bilaterally
Cornua
71
The uterine body
Corpus
72
The long axis of the uterus deviating to the right of the midline
Dextroverted Uterus
73
A drug administered to a pregnant woman from the 1940's to the 1970's to treat threatened abortions and premature labor that has been linked with uterine malformation in the exposed fetus
Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
74
Difficult or painful defacation
Dyschezia
75
The inner mucosal layer of the uterus
Endometrium
76
Inferior portion of the cervix that is in close contact with the vagina
External os
77
The functional inner layer of the endometrium that is altered by the hormones of the menstrual cycle
Endometrium (functional layer)
78
The most superior and widest portion of the uterus
Fundus
79
A benign cyst located within the vagina
Gartner duct cyst
80
Blood accumulation within the vagina
Hematocolpos
81
Blood accumulation within the uterine cavity
Hematmetra
82
Blood accumulation within the uterus and vagina
Hematometrocolpos
83
Fluid accumulatio within the vagina
Hydrocolpos
84
Fluid accumulation within the uterus and vagina
Hydrometrocolpos
85
The surgical removal of the uterus
Hysterectomy
86
A radiographic procedure that uses a dye instilled into the endometrial cavity and fallopian tubes to evaluate for internal abnormalities
Hysterosalpingography
87
The surgical repair of a uterine septum in a septate uterus using a hysteroscopy
Hysteroscopic uterine septoplasty
88
A vaginal anomaly in which the hymen has no opening, therefore resulting in an obstruction of the vagina
Imperforate hymen
89
The superior portion of the cervix closest to the isthmus
Internal os
90
A leiomyoma located within the uterine cavity
Intracavitary (fibroid)
91
Location of leiomyoma within the myometrium of the uterus
Intramural (fibroid)
92
Area of the uterus between the corpus and the cervix
Isthmus
93
A benign, smooth muscle tumor of the uterus; may also be referred to as a fibroid or uterine myoma
Leiomyoma (Fibroid)
94
The malignant manifestation of a leiomyoma
Leiomyosarcoma
95
The benign invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium of the uterus
Adenomyosis
96
A benign cyst that is located in one of the Bartholin glands in the region of the vulva
Bartholin duct cyst
97
An overgrowth of epithelial cells within the cervix resulting in a broad based or pedunculated mass of tissue
Cervical polyp
98
A benign cyst located within the vagina
Gartner duct cyst
99
Blood accumulation within the vagina
Hematocolpos
100
Blood accumulation within the uterine cavity
Hematometra
101
Blood accumulation within the uterus and vagina
Hematometrocolpos
102
Fluid accumulation within the vagina
Hydrocolpos
103
Fluid accumulation within the uterus and vagina
Hydrometrocolpos
104
Location of leiomyoma within the myometrium of the uterus
Intramural (fibroid)
105
A benign, smooth muscle tumor of the uterus; may also be referred to as a fibroid or uterine myoma
Leiomyoma (uterine)
106
Excessive and prolonged bleeding at irregular intervals
Menometrorrhagia
107
Abnormally heavy and prolonged menstruation
menorrhagia
108
Benign cysts located within the cervix
Nobothian Cyst
109
Pubertal development before the age of 8; the early development of pubic hair, breast, or genitals
precocious puberty
110
Secondary sexual development induced by sex steroids or from other sources such as ovarian tumors, adrenal tumors, or steroid use
pseudoprecocious puberty
111
Ttwisting of the ovary on a stalk
Torsion
112
A leiomyoma that distorts the shape of the endometrium
submucosal (fibroid)
113
The portion of the vagina remaining after a hysterectomy
Vaginal Cuff
114
Partial separation of the myometrium at the location of a uterine scar
uterine dehiscence
115
Uterine dehiscence is caused by
uterine trauma such as surgeries
116
The most common tumor of the female pelvis
leiomyoma
117
A cystadenoma is a benign tumor originating in ___________________ _______________
glandular tissue
118
An uncommon surface epithelial tumor of the ovary.
Brenner tumor
119
Another name for endometriomas
Chocolate cyst
120
Physiologic cyst that develops after ovulation has occurred
Corpus Luteum cyst
121
Benign ovarian mass that is composed of the three germ cell layers; also referred to as a dermoid cyst
Cystic Teratoma
122
A small cyst within a large cyst
Daughter cyst
123
Another name for a cystic teratoma
Dermoid cyst
124
Mass of hair within a cystic teratoma
dermoid mesh
125
Part of a dermoid tumor that contains various tissues and may produce posterior shadowing during a sonographic examination
Dermoid plug
126
Benign, blood-containing tumor that forms from the implantation of ectopic endometrial tissue; tumor associated with endometriosis
Endometrioma
127
Functional ectopic endometrial tissue located outside the uterus
Endometriosis
128
Also known as a uterine fibroid, is a non-cancerous tumor that often appears in the smooth muscle layer of the uterus
Fibroma
129
Ovarian cyst that forms as a result of the failure of the Graafian follicle to ovulate
follicular cyst
130
A disease associated with an abnormal proliferation of the trophoblastic cells during pregnancy; may also be referred to as a molar pregnancy
gestational trophoblastic disease
131
the name for the dominant follicle before ovulation
Graafian follicle
132
Blood within the fallopian tube
hematosalpinx
133
A cyst that contains blood
hemorrhagic cyst
134
Excessive hair growth in women in areas where hair growth is normally negligible
hirsutism
135
The abnormal accumulation of fluid within the fallopian tube
hydrosalpinx
136
Ascites and pleural effusion in the presence of a benign ovarian tumor
Meigs syndrome
137
An abnormality that results from the ovary twisting on its mesenteric connection, consequently cutting off the blood supply to the ovary
Ovarian torsion
138
Leiomyoma (fibroid) that extends from the uterus on a stalk
pedunculated uterine leiomyoma
139
A condition that is thought to result from the compression of the left renal vein at the origin of the superior mesenteric artery, a condition termed Nutcracker syndrome
Pelvic congestion
140
Infection of the female genital tract that may involve the ovaries, uterus, and/or the fallopian tubes
Pelvic inflammatory disease
141
The presence of pus within the fallopian tube
pyosalpinx
142
Inflammation of the fallopian tubes
salpingitis
143
Functional ovarian cysts that are found in the presence of elevated levels of human chorionic gonadotropin; also referred to as a theca luteal cyst
theca lutein cysts
144
Benign ovarian sex cord–stromal tumor that produces estrogen in older women
thecoma
145
Denotes the sonographic appearance of a cystic teratoma (dermoid) when only the anterior element of the mass is seen, while the greater part of the mass is obscured by shadowing
Tip of the iceberg sign
146
An indicator of the torsed ovarian pedicle adjacent to the ovary, appearing as a round mass with concentric hypoechoic and hyperechoic rings that demonstrates a swirling color Doppler signature
“whirlpool” sign
147
The most common cause of abnormal uterine bleeding in women, with the upper limit endometrial thickness of 14 mm in premenopausal woman, 10 mm in women on tamoxifen, and 8 mm in postmenopausal women
Endometrial Hyperplasia
148
Excessive growth of the endometrium
endometrial hyperplasia
149
Adhesions of the endometrium that
develop as a result of trauma to the uterine lining
Asherman syndrome/Synechiae
150
Rupture of a uterine scar causing separation of the uterine myometrium with an intact peritoneum
Uterine Dehiscence
151
Collection of blood, because of trauma or a disease process, within an organ or potential space
Hematoma
152
A pocket of lymph fluid resulting from some type of trauma to the lymph vessels within the pelvis
Lymphocele
153
Inflammation of the appendix
Appendicitis
154
Area of pain when appendicitis is present
Mcburney point
155
The most common androgen disorder and is associated with obesity, amenorrhea, anovulation, hirsutism, and infertility
Polycystic ovarian syndrome
156
Most common germ cell tumor of the pelvis
Benign Cystic Teratoma
157
The most common type of benign cystic ovarian tumor
cystadenoma
158
Least common malignant ovarian cancer.
Androblastoma
159
Term that describes ectopic endometrial tissue
endometriosis
160
How do the fallopain tube and ovary image with acute tubo-ovarian complex?
Ill defined with a large adhered ovary
161
Risk factor associated with endometrial cancer.
Unopposed estrogen
162
Malignant ovarian tumor that is the result of metastasis to the ovary.
Krukenberg tumor
163
complication of endometriosis
endometrioma
164
drug that increases the risk of endometrial cancer.
Tamoxifen
165
karyotype seen with a partial mole.
69xxx
166
least common gynecology malignancy.
Fallopian tube carcinoma
167
ovarian cyst that occurs with one-fourth of patients with placental trophoblastic disease.
theca lutein
168
Tamoxaphin therapy for breast cancer raises the risks of
leiomyosarcoma development
169
extensive chorionic villi invasion is characteristic of
invasive mole
170
Which form of ovarian cancer demonstrated prominent color doppler flow in septations
Epithelial
171
neoplasm is associated with gonadal dysgenesis
dysgerminoma
172
Increases a womans risk for developing ovarian cancer
15 year history of postmenopausal estrogen therapy
173
sonographic finding for uterine sarcomas
Rapidly growing heterogeneous mass
174
tumor marker for colon, stomach, breast or ovarian carcinoma
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
175
implantation of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus
endometriosis
176
Mucinous material accumulation within the peritoneal cavity
pseudomyxoma peritonel
177
used to help stage endometrial carcinoma
Involvement of the cervix
178
Infection by HPV is the largest cause of:
cervical cancer
179
Invasive mole is a form of hydatidiform mole that invades the
myometrium
180
most common clinical presentation of endometrial adenocarcinoma is
uterine bleeding
181
A malignant uterine tumor that is composed of smooth muscle cells and fibrous connective tissue is
leiomyosarcoma
182
Neoplasm involving the surface epithelium of the ovary is:
epithelial ovarian cancer
