GYN Registry Review Flashcards
Area located posterior to the broad ligaments, adjacent to the uterus, which contains the ovaries and fallopian tubes
Adnexa
A protein produced by the fetal yolk sac, fetal gastrointestinal tract, and the fetal liver; may also be produced by some malignant tumors
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
Birth defect in which the external genitalia appear neither recognizably male or female
Ambiguous genitalia
The absence of menstruation
Amenorrhea
A collection of fluid with the peritoneal cavity
Ascites
Tumor marker in the blood that can indicate certain types of cancers such as cancer of the ovary, endometrium, breast, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs; stands for cancer antigen 125
CA-125
Difficult or painful menstruation
Dysmenorrhea
Painful sexual intercourse
Dyspareunia
Painful or difficult urination
Dysuria
The sonographic appearance of a structure
Echotexture
A pregnancy located outside the endometrial cavity of the uterus
Ectopic
The distinct layering of fluids within a cyst or cystic structure that is caused by the presence of at least two different fluid compositions
Fluid-filled-level
A laboratory value that indicates the amount of red blood cells in the blood
Hematocrit
Excessive hair growth in women in area where hair growth is normally negligible
Hirsutism
A hormone produced by the trophoblastic cells of the early placenta; may also be used as a tumor marker in nongravid patients and males
Human chorionic gonadotropin (beta hCG)
the dilation of the renal collecting system resulting from the obstruction of the flow of urine from the kidneys to the bladder; also referred to as pelvocaliectasis, pelviectasis, or pyelectasis
hydronephrosis
Decreased or scant menstrual flow; regular time menses but light flow
hypomenorrhea
the inability to conceive a child after 1 year of unprotected intercourse
Infertility
An enzyme found within the blood that may be used to monitor renal function; may also be used as a tumor marker for some ovarian tumors
Lactate Dehydrogenase
An elevated white blood cell count
Leukocytosis
Ascites and pleural effusion in the presence of some benign ovarian tumors
Meigs Syndrome
Excessive or prolonged bleeding between periods
menometrorrhagia
Having multiple chambers or compartments
Multiloculated
Growth or masses attached to the wall of a structure, most likely a cyst
Mural nodules
A mass of tissue that contains abnormal cells; also called a tumor
Neoplasm
An abnormality that results from the ovary twisting on its mesenteric connection, consequently cutting off blood supply to the ovary
Ovarian Torsion
An infection of the female genital tract that may involve the ovaries, uterus and/or the fallopian tubes
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Kidney located within the pelvis
Pelvic kidney
The abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space
Pleural Effusion
A syndrome characterized by anovulatory cycles, infertility ,hirsutism, amenorrhea, and obesity; may also be referred to as Stein-Leventhal syndrome
Polycystic ovary syndrome
An intraperitoneal extension of mucin-secreting cells that result from the rupture of a malignant tumor of the appendix
Pseudomyxoma peritonei
Separations; structures that divide something into separate sections
Septations
An anechoic , round mass that has smooth walls and demonstrates through transmission
Simple Cyst
A breast cancer drug that inhibits the effects of estrogen in the breast
Tamoxifen
Sonogram that requires the transducer to be placed against the labia; often used for imaging the cervix
Translabial Sonogram
Having one chamber or compartment
Unilocular
Changes within the female that are caused by increased androgens; may lead to deepening of the voice and hirsutism
Virilization
Peritoneal outpouching located between the bladder and the uterus; also referred to as the vesicouterine pouch
Anterior cul-de-sac
Peripheral arteries of the uterus that lie at the edge of the myometrium
Arcuate arteries
Pelvic ligament that extends from the lateral aspect of the uterus to the side walls of the pelvis
Broad ligament
Pelvic ligament that extends from the lateral surface of the cervix to the lateral fornix of vagina and houses the uterine vasculature
Cardinal ligament
Pelvic muscle located posteriorly within the pelvis that helps support the sacrum
Coccygeus
Superior portion of the pelvis
False pelvis
Bilateral muscles located lateral to the uterus and anterior to the iliac crest
Iliopsoas muscles
Hammock shaped pelvic muscle group located between the coccyx and pubis consisting of the iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, and puborectalis
Levator ani muscles
Imaginary line that separates the true pelvis from the false pelvis
Linea terminalis
Paired pelvic muscles located lateral to the ovaries
Obturator internus muscles
pelvic ligaments that provides support to the ovary extending from the ovary to the lateral surface of the uterus
Ovarian ligaments
Group of pelvic muscles consisting of the levator ani and coccygeous muscles that provide support to the pelvic organs
Pelvic diaphram
Peritoneal outpouching located between the uterus and rectum; also referred to as the posterior cul-de-sac and pouch of douglas
Rectouterine pouch
Paired pelvic muscles located posterioriorly that extends from the sacrum to the femoral greater trochanter
Piriformis muscles
A condition that results from the weakening of the pelvic diaphragm muscles and allows for the displacement of the uterus, often through the vagina
Prolapse
Arteries that supply blood to the deeper layers of the myometrium
Radial arteries
Paired anterior abdominal muscles that extend from the xiphoid process of the sternum to the pubic bone
Rectus abdominis muscles
Extraperitoneal space located between the bladder and symphysis pubis that contains fat
Space of retzius
Tiny, coiled arteries that supply blood to the functional layer of the endometrium
Spiral arteries
Pelvic ligament that provides support to the ovary and extends from the ovaries to the pelvic side walls
Suspensory ligament of the ovary
Inferior portion of the pelvis that contains the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, urinary bladder, small bowel, sigmoid colon, and tectum
True pelvis
Branches of the internal iliac artery that supplies blood to the uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes
Uterine arteries
Peritoneal outpouching located between the bladder and the uterus; also referred to as the anterior cul-de-sac
Vesicouterine pouch
A focal mass of adenomyosis
Adenomyoma
The benign invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium of the uterus
Adenomyosis
Failure of an organ or structure to grow during embryologic development
Agenesis
The uterine body tilts forward and comes in contact with the cervix, forming a 90-degree angle with the cervix
Anteflexion
The typical version of the uterus where the uterine body tilts forward, forming a 90-degree angle with the cervix
Anteversion
The nonfunctional outer layer of the endometrium
Basal layer
A common uterine anomaly in which the endometrium divides into two horns; also referred to as bicornis unicollis
Bicornuate uterus
The rigid region of the uterus located between the isthmus and the vagina
Cervix
Physical defects that are present in a person at birth; may also be referred to as congenital anomalies
Congenital malformations
Areas just inferior to the fundus of the uterus where the fallopian tubes are attached bilaterally
Cornua
The uterine body
Corpus
The long axis of the uterus deviating to the right of the midline
Dextroverted Uterus
A drug administered to a pregnant woman from the 1940’s to the 1970’s to treat threatened abortions and premature labor that has been linked with uterine malformation in the exposed fetus
Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
Difficult or painful defacation
Dyschezia
The inner mucosal layer of the uterus
Endometrium
Inferior portion of the cervix that is in close contact with the vagina
External os
The functional inner layer of the endometrium that is altered by the hormones of the menstrual cycle
Endometrium (functional layer)
The most superior and widest portion of the uterus
Fundus
A benign cyst located within the vagina
Gartner duct cyst
Blood accumulation within the vagina
Hematocolpos
Blood accumulation within the uterine cavity
Hematmetra
Blood accumulation within the uterus and vagina
Hematometrocolpos
Fluid accumulatio within the vagina
Hydrocolpos
Fluid accumulation within the uterus and vagina
Hydrometrocolpos
The surgical removal of the uterus
Hysterectomy
A radiographic procedure that uses a dye instilled into the endometrial cavity and fallopian tubes to evaluate for internal abnormalities
Hysterosalpingography
The surgical repair of a uterine septum in a septate uterus using a hysteroscopy
Hysteroscopic uterine septoplasty
A vaginal anomaly in which the hymen has no opening, therefore resulting in an obstruction of the vagina
Imperforate hymen
The superior portion of the cervix closest to the isthmus
Internal os
A leiomyoma located within the uterine cavity
Intracavitary (fibroid)
Location of leiomyoma within the myometrium of the uterus
Intramural (fibroid)
Area of the uterus between the corpus and the cervix
Isthmus
A benign, smooth muscle tumor of the uterus; may also be referred to as a fibroid or uterine myoma
Leiomyoma (Fibroid)
The malignant manifestation of a leiomyoma
Leiomyosarcoma
The benign invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium of the uterus
Adenomyosis
A benign cyst that is located in one of the Bartholin glands in the region of the vulva
Bartholin duct cyst
An overgrowth of epithelial cells within the cervix resulting in a broad based or pedunculated mass of tissue
Cervical polyp
A benign cyst located within the vagina
Gartner duct cyst
Blood accumulation within the vagina
Hematocolpos
Blood accumulation within the uterine cavity
Hematometra
Blood accumulation within the uterus and vagina
Hematometrocolpos
Fluid accumulation within the vagina
Hydrocolpos
Fluid accumulation within the uterus and vagina
Hydrometrocolpos
Location of leiomyoma within the myometrium of the uterus
Intramural (fibroid)
A benign, smooth muscle tumor of the uterus; may also be referred to as a fibroid or uterine myoma
Leiomyoma (uterine)
Excessive and prolonged bleeding at irregular intervals
Menometrorrhagia
Abnormally heavy and prolonged menstruation
menorrhagia
Benign cysts located within the cervix
Nobothian Cyst
Pubertal development before the age of 8; the early development of pubic hair, breast, or genitals
precocious puberty
Secondary sexual development induced by sex steroids or from other sources such as ovarian tumors, adrenal tumors, or steroid use
pseudoprecocious puberty
Ttwisting of the ovary on a stalk
Torsion
A leiomyoma that distorts the shape of the endometrium
submucosal (fibroid)
The portion of the vagina remaining after a hysterectomy
Vaginal Cuff
Partial separation of the myometrium at the location of a uterine scar
uterine dehiscence
Uterine dehiscence is caused by
uterine trauma such as surgeries
The most common tumor of the female pelvis
leiomyoma
A cystadenoma is a benign tumor originating in ___________________ _______________
glandular tissue
An uncommon surface epithelial tumor of the ovary.
Brenner tumor
Another name for endometriomas
Chocolate cyst
Physiologic cyst that develops after ovulation has occurred
Corpus Luteum cyst
Benign ovarian mass that is composed of the three germ cell layers; also referred to as a dermoid cyst
Cystic Teratoma
A small cyst within a large cyst
Daughter cyst
Another name for a cystic teratoma
Dermoid cyst
Mass of hair within a cystic teratoma
dermoid mesh
Part of a dermoid tumor that contains various tissues and may produce posterior shadowing during a sonographic examination
Dermoid plug
Benign, blood-containing tumor that forms from the implantation of ectopic endometrial tissue; tumor associated with endometriosis
Endometrioma
Functional ectopic endometrial tissue located outside the uterus
Endometriosis
Also known as a uterine fibroid, is a non-cancerous tumor that often appears in the smooth muscle layer of the uterus
Fibroma
Ovarian cyst that forms as a result of the failure of the Graafian follicle to ovulate
follicular cyst
A disease associated with an abnormal proliferation of the trophoblastic cells during pregnancy; may also be referred to as a molar pregnancy
gestational trophoblastic disease
the name for the dominant follicle before ovulation
Graafian follicle
Blood within the fallopian tube
hematosalpinx
A cyst that contains blood
hemorrhagic cyst
Excessive hair growth in women in areas where hair growth is normally negligible
hirsutism
The abnormal accumulation of fluid within the fallopian tube
hydrosalpinx
Ascites and pleural effusion in the presence of a benign ovarian tumor
Meigs syndrome
An abnormality that results from the ovary twisting on its mesenteric connection, consequently cutting off the blood supply to the ovary
Ovarian torsion
Leiomyoma (fibroid) that extends from the uterus on a stalk
pedunculated uterine leiomyoma
A condition that is thought to result from the compression of the left renal vein at the origin of the superior mesenteric artery, a condition termed Nutcracker syndrome
Pelvic congestion
Infection of the female genital tract that may involve the ovaries, uterus, and/or the fallopian tubes
Pelvic inflammatory disease
The presence of pus within the fallopian tube
pyosalpinx
Inflammation of the fallopian tubes
salpingitis
Functional ovarian cysts that are found in the presence of elevated levels of human chorionic gonadotropin; also referred to as a theca luteal cyst
theca lutein cysts
Benign ovarian sex cord–stromal tumor that produces estrogen in older women
thecoma
Denotes the sonographic appearance of a cystic teratoma (dermoid) when only the anterior element of the mass is seen, while the greater part of the mass is obscured by shadowing
Tip of the iceberg sign
An indicator of the torsed ovarian pedicle adjacent to the ovary, appearing as a round mass with concentric hypoechoic and hyperechoic rings that demonstrates a swirling color Doppler signature
“whirlpool” sign
The most common cause of abnormal uterine bleeding in women, with the upper limit endometrial thickness of 14 mm in premenopausal woman, 10 mm in women on tamoxifen, and 8 mm in postmenopausal women
Endometrial Hyperplasia
Excessive growth of the endometrium
endometrial hyperplasia
Adhesions of the endometrium that
develop as a result of trauma to the uterine lining
Asherman syndrome/Synechiae
Rupture of a uterine scar causing separation of the uterine myometrium with an intact peritoneum
Uterine Dehiscence
Collection of blood, because of trauma or a disease process, within an organ or potential space
Hematoma
A pocket of lymph fluid resulting from some type of trauma to the lymph vessels within the pelvis
Lymphocele
Inflammation of the appendix
Appendicitis
Area of pain when appendicitis is present
Mcburney point
The most common androgen disorder and is associated with obesity, amenorrhea, anovulation, hirsutism, and infertility
Polycystic ovarian syndrome
Most common germ cell tumor of the pelvis
Benign Cystic Teratoma
The most common type of benign cystic ovarian tumor
cystadenoma
Least common malignant ovarian cancer.
Androblastoma
Term that describes ectopic endometrial tissue
endometriosis
How do the fallopain tube and ovary image with acute tubo-ovarian complex?
Ill defined with a large adhered ovary
Risk factor associated with endometrial cancer.
Unopposed estrogen
Malignant ovarian tumor that is the result of metastasis to the ovary.
Krukenberg tumor
complication of endometriosis
endometrioma
drug that increases the risk of endometrial cancer.
Tamoxifen
karyotype seen with a partial mole.
69xxx
least common gynecology malignancy.
Fallopian tube carcinoma
ovarian cyst that occurs with one-fourth of patients with placental trophoblastic disease.
theca lutein
Tamoxaphin therapy for breast cancer raises the risks of
leiomyosarcoma development
extensive chorionic villi invasion is characteristic of
invasive mole
Which form of ovarian cancer demonstrated prominent color doppler flow in septations
Epithelial
neoplasm is associated with gonadal dysgenesis
dysgerminoma
Increases a womans risk for developing ovarian cancer
15 year history of postmenopausal estrogen therapy
sonographic finding for uterine sarcomas
Rapidly growing heterogeneous mass
tumor marker for colon, stomach, breast or ovarian carcinoma
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
implantation of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus
endometriosis
Mucinous material accumulation within the peritoneal cavity
pseudomyxoma peritonel
used to help stage endometrial carcinoma
Involvement of the cervix
Infection by HPV is the largest cause of:
cervical cancer
Invasive mole is a form of hydatidiform mole that invades the
myometrium
most common clinical presentation of endometrial adenocarcinoma is
uterine bleeding
A malignant uterine tumor that is composed of smooth muscle cells and fibrous connective tissue is
leiomyosarcoma
Neoplasm involving the surface epithelium of the ovary is:
epithelial ovarian cancer
