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OB > GYN Registry Review > Flashcards

GYN Registry Review Flashcards

1
Q

Area located posterior to the broad ligaments, adjacent to the uterus, which contains the ovaries and fallopian tubes

A

Adnexa

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2
Q

A protein produced by the fetal yolk sac, fetal gastrointestinal tract, and the fetal liver; may also be produced by some malignant tumors

A

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

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3
Q

Birth defect in which the external genitalia appear neither recognizably male or female

A

Ambiguous genitalia

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4
Q

The absence of menstruation

A

Amenorrhea

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5
Q

A collection of fluid with the peritoneal cavity

A

Ascites

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6
Q

Tumor marker in the blood that can indicate certain types of cancers such as cancer of the ovary, endometrium, breast, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs; stands for cancer antigen 125

A

CA-125

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7
Q

Difficult or painful menstruation

A

Dysmenorrhea

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8
Q

Painful sexual intercourse

A

Dyspareunia

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9
Q

Painful or difficult urination

A

Dysuria

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10
Q

The sonographic appearance of a structure

A

Echotexture

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11
Q

A pregnancy located outside the endometrial cavity of the uterus

A

Ectopic

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12
Q

The distinct layering of fluids within a cyst or cystic structure that is caused by the presence of at least two different fluid compositions

A

Fluid-filled-level

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13
Q

A laboratory value that indicates the amount of red blood cells in the blood

A

Hematocrit

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14
Q

Excessive hair growth in women in area where hair growth is normally negligible

A

Hirsutism

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15
Q

A hormone produced by the trophoblastic cells of the early placenta; may also be used as a tumor marker in nongravid patients and males

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin (beta hCG)

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16
Q

the dilation of the renal collecting system resulting from the obstruction of the flow of urine from the kidneys to the bladder; also referred to as pelvocaliectasis, pelviectasis, or pyelectasis

A

hydronephrosis

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17
Q

Decreased or scant menstrual flow; regular time menses but light flow

A

hypomenorrhea

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18
Q

the inability to conceive a child after 1 year of unprotected intercourse

A

Infertility

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19
Q

An enzyme found within the blood that may be used to monitor renal function; may also be used as a tumor marker for some ovarian tumors

A

Lactate Dehydrogenase

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20
Q

An elevated white blood cell count

A

Leukocytosis

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21
Q

Ascites and pleural effusion in the presence of some benign ovarian tumors

A

Meigs Syndrome

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22
Q

Excessive or prolonged bleeding between periods

A

menometrorrhagia

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23
Q

Having multiple chambers or compartments

A

Multiloculated

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24
Q

Growth or masses attached to the wall of a structure, most likely a cyst

A

Mural nodules

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25
Q

A mass of tissue that contains abnormal cells; also called a tumor

A

Neoplasm

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26
Q

An abnormality that results from the ovary twisting on its mesenteric connection, consequently cutting off blood supply to the ovary

A

Ovarian Torsion

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27
Q

An infection of the female genital tract that may involve the ovaries, uterus and/or the fallopian tubes

A

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

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28
Q

Kidney located within the pelvis

A

Pelvic kidney

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29
Q

The abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space

A

Pleural Effusion

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30
Q

A syndrome characterized by anovulatory cycles, infertility ,hirsutism, amenorrhea, and obesity; may also be referred to as Stein-Leventhal syndrome

A

Polycystic ovary syndrome

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31
Q

An intraperitoneal extension of mucin-secreting cells that result from the rupture of a malignant tumor of the appendix

A

Pseudomyxoma peritonei

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32
Q

Separations; structures that divide something into separate sections

A

Septations

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33
Q

An anechoic , round mass that has smooth walls and demonstrates through transmission

A

Simple Cyst

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34
Q

A breast cancer drug that inhibits the effects of estrogen in the breast

A

Tamoxifen

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35
Q

Sonogram that requires the transducer to be placed against the labia; often used for imaging the cervix

A

Translabial Sonogram

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36
Q

Having one chamber or compartment

A

Unilocular

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37
Q

Changes within the female that are caused by increased androgens; may lead to deepening of the voice and hirsutism

A

Virilization

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38
Q

Peritoneal outpouching located between the bladder and the uterus; also referred to as the vesicouterine pouch

A

Anterior cul-de-sac

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39
Q

Peripheral arteries of the uterus that lie at the edge of the myometrium

A

Arcuate arteries

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40
Q

Pelvic ligament that extends from the lateral aspect of the uterus to the side walls of the pelvis

A

Broad ligament

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41
Q

Pelvic ligament that extends from the lateral surface of the cervix to the lateral fornix of vagina and houses the uterine vasculature

A

Cardinal ligament

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42
Q

Pelvic muscle located posteriorly within the pelvis that helps support the sacrum

A

Coccygeus

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43
Q

Superior portion of the pelvis

A

False pelvis

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44
Q

Bilateral muscles located lateral to the uterus and anterior to the iliac crest

A

Iliopsoas muscles

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45
Q

Hammock shaped pelvic muscle group located between the coccyx and pubis consisting of the iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, and puborectalis

A

Levator ani muscles

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46
Q

Imaginary line that separates the true pelvis from the false pelvis

A

Linea terminalis

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47
Q

Paired pelvic muscles located lateral to the ovaries

A

Obturator internus muscles

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48
Q

pelvic ligaments that provides support to the ovary extending from the ovary to the lateral surface of the uterus

A

Ovarian ligaments

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49
Q

Group of pelvic muscles consisting of the levator ani and coccygeous muscles that provide support to the pelvic organs

A

Pelvic diaphram

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50
Q

Peritoneal outpouching located between the uterus and rectum; also referred to as the posterior cul-de-sac and pouch of douglas

A

Rectouterine pouch

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51
Q

Paired pelvic muscles located posterioriorly that extends from the sacrum to the femoral greater trochanter

A

Piriformis muscles

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52
Q

A condition that results from the weakening of the pelvic diaphragm muscles and allows for the displacement of the uterus, often through the vagina

A

Prolapse

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53
Q

Arteries that supply blood to the deeper layers of the myometrium

A

Radial arteries

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54
Q

Paired anterior abdominal muscles that extend from the xiphoid process of the sternum to the pubic bone

A

Rectus abdominis muscles

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55
Q

Extraperitoneal space located between the bladder and symphysis pubis that contains fat

A

Space of retzius

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56
Q

Tiny, coiled arteries that supply blood to the functional layer of the endometrium

A

Spiral arteries

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57
Q

Pelvic ligament that provides support to the ovary and extends from the ovaries to the pelvic side walls

A

Suspensory ligament of the ovary

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58
Q

Inferior portion of the pelvis that contains the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, urinary bladder, small bowel, sigmoid colon, and tectum

A

True pelvis

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59
Q

Branches of the internal iliac artery that supplies blood to the uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes

A

Uterine arteries

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60
Q

Peritoneal outpouching located between the bladder and the uterus; also referred to as the anterior cul-de-sac

A

Vesicouterine pouch

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61
Q

A focal mass of adenomyosis

A

Adenomyoma

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62
Q

The benign invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium of the uterus

A

Adenomyosis

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63
Q

Failure of an organ or structure to grow during embryologic development

A

Agenesis

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64
Q

The uterine body tilts forward and comes in contact with the cervix, forming a 90-degree angle with the cervix

A

Anteflexion

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65
Q

The typical version of the uterus where the uterine body tilts forward, forming a 90-degree angle with the cervix

A

Anteversion

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66
Q

The nonfunctional outer layer of the endometrium

A

Basal layer

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67
Q

A common uterine anomaly in which the endometrium divides into two horns; also referred to as bicornis unicollis

A

Bicornuate uterus

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68
Q

The rigid region of the uterus located between the isthmus and the vagina

A

Cervix

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69
Q

Physical defects that are present in a person at birth; may also be referred to as congenital anomalies

A

Congenital malformations

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70
Q

Areas just inferior to the fundus of the uterus where the fallopian tubes are attached bilaterally

A

Cornua

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71
Q

The uterine body

A

Corpus

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72
Q

The long axis of the uterus deviating to the right of the midline

A

Dextroverted Uterus

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73
Q

A drug administered to a pregnant woman from the 1940’s to the 1970’s to treat threatened abortions and premature labor that has been linked with uterine malformation in the exposed fetus

A

Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

74
Q

Difficult or painful defacation

A

Dyschezia

75
Q

The inner mucosal layer of the uterus

A

Endometrium

76
Q

Inferior portion of the cervix that is in close contact with the vagina

A

External os

77
Q

The functional inner layer of the endometrium that is altered by the hormones of the menstrual cycle

A

Endometrium (functional layer)

78
Q

The most superior and widest portion of the uterus

A

Fundus

79
Q

A benign cyst located within the vagina

A

Gartner duct cyst

80
Q

Blood accumulation within the vagina

A

Hematocolpos

81
Q

Blood accumulation within the uterine cavity

A

Hematmetra

82
Q

Blood accumulation within the uterus and vagina

A

Hematometrocolpos

83
Q

Fluid accumulatio within the vagina

A

Hydrocolpos

84
Q

Fluid accumulation within the uterus and vagina

A

Hydrometrocolpos

85
Q

The surgical removal of the uterus

A

Hysterectomy

86
Q

A radiographic procedure that uses a dye instilled into the endometrial cavity and fallopian tubes to evaluate for internal abnormalities

A

Hysterosalpingography

87
Q

The surgical repair of a uterine septum in a septate uterus using a hysteroscopy

A

Hysteroscopic uterine septoplasty

88
Q

A vaginal anomaly in which the hymen has no opening, therefore resulting in an obstruction of the vagina

A

Imperforate hymen

89
Q

The superior portion of the cervix closest to the isthmus

A

Internal os

90
Q

A leiomyoma located within the uterine cavity

A

Intracavitary (fibroid)

91
Q

Location of leiomyoma within the myometrium of the uterus

A

Intramural (fibroid)

92
Q

Area of the uterus between the corpus and the cervix

A

Isthmus

93
Q

A benign, smooth muscle tumor of the uterus; may also be referred to as a fibroid or uterine myoma

A

Leiomyoma (Fibroid)

94
Q

The malignant manifestation of a leiomyoma

A

Leiomyosarcoma

95
Q

The benign invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium of the uterus

A

Adenomyosis

96
Q

A benign cyst that is located in one of the Bartholin glands in the region of the vulva

A

Bartholin duct cyst

97
Q

An overgrowth of epithelial cells within the cervix resulting in a broad based or pedunculated mass of tissue

A

Cervical polyp

98
Q

A benign cyst located within the vagina

A

Gartner duct cyst

99
Q

Blood accumulation within the vagina

A

Hematocolpos

100
Q

Blood accumulation within the uterine cavity

A

Hematometra

101
Q

Blood accumulation within the uterus and vagina

A

Hematometrocolpos

102
Q

Fluid accumulation within the vagina

A

Hydrocolpos

103
Q

Fluid accumulation within the uterus and vagina

A

Hydrometrocolpos

104
Q

Location of leiomyoma within the myometrium of the uterus

A

Intramural (fibroid)

105
Q

A benign, smooth muscle tumor of the uterus; may also be referred to as a fibroid or uterine myoma

A

Leiomyoma (uterine)

106
Q

Excessive and prolonged bleeding at irregular intervals

A

Menometrorrhagia

107
Q

Abnormally heavy and prolonged menstruation

A

menorrhagia

108
Q

Benign cysts located within the cervix

A

Nobothian Cyst

109
Q

Pubertal development before the age of 8; the early development of pubic hair, breast, or genitals

A

precocious puberty

110
Q

Secondary sexual development induced by sex steroids or from other sources such as ovarian tumors, adrenal tumors, or steroid use

A

pseudoprecocious puberty

111
Q

Ttwisting of the ovary on a stalk

A

Torsion

112
Q

A leiomyoma that distorts the shape of the endometrium

A

submucosal (fibroid)

113
Q

The portion of the vagina remaining after a hysterectomy

A

Vaginal Cuff

114
Q

Partial separation of the myometrium at the location of a uterine scar

A

uterine dehiscence

115
Q

Uterine dehiscence is caused by

A

uterine trauma such as surgeries

116
Q

The most common tumor of the female pelvis

A

leiomyoma

117
Q

A cystadenoma is a benign tumor originating in ___________________ _______________

A

glandular tissue

118
Q

An uncommon surface epithelial tumor of the ovary.

A

Brenner tumor

119
Q

Another name for endometriomas

A

Chocolate cyst

120
Q

Physiologic cyst that develops after ovulation has occurred

A

Corpus Luteum cyst

121
Q

Benign ovarian mass that is composed of the three germ cell layers; also referred to as a dermoid cyst

A

Cystic Teratoma

122
Q

A small cyst within a large cyst

A

Daughter cyst

123
Q

Another name for a cystic teratoma

A

Dermoid cyst

124
Q

Mass of hair within a cystic teratoma

A

dermoid mesh

125
Q

Part of a dermoid tumor that contains various tissues and may produce posterior shadowing during a sonographic examination

A

Dermoid plug

126
Q

Benign, blood-containing tumor that forms from the implantation of ectopic endometrial tissue; tumor associated with endometriosis

A

Endometrioma

127
Q

Functional ectopic endometrial tissue located outside the uterus

A

Endometriosis

128
Q

Also known as a uterine fibroid, is a non-cancerous tumor that often appears in the smooth muscle layer of the uterus

A

Fibroma

129
Q

Ovarian cyst that forms as a result of the failure of the Graafian follicle to ovulate

A

follicular cyst

130
Q

A disease associated with an abnormal proliferation of the trophoblastic cells during pregnancy; may also be referred to as a molar pregnancy

A

gestational trophoblastic disease

131
Q

the name for the dominant follicle before ovulation

A

Graafian follicle

132
Q

Blood within the fallopian tube

A

hematosalpinx

133
Q

A cyst that contains blood

A

hemorrhagic cyst

134
Q

Excessive hair growth in women in areas where hair growth is normally negligible

A

hirsutism

135
Q

The abnormal accumulation of fluid within the fallopian tube

A

hydrosalpinx

136
Q

Ascites and pleural effusion in the presence of a benign ovarian tumor

A

Meigs syndrome

137
Q

An abnormality that results from the ovary twisting on its mesenteric connection, consequently cutting off the blood supply to the ovary

A

Ovarian torsion

138
Q

Leiomyoma (fibroid) that extends from the uterus on a stalk

A

pedunculated uterine leiomyoma

139
Q

A condition that is thought to result from the compression of the left renal vein at the origin of the superior mesenteric artery, a condition termed Nutcracker syndrome

A

Pelvic congestion

140
Q

Infection of the female genital tract that may involve the ovaries, uterus, and/or the fallopian tubes

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease

141
Q

The presence of pus within the fallopian tube

A

pyosalpinx

142
Q

Inflammation of the fallopian tubes

A

salpingitis

143
Q

Functional ovarian cysts that are found in the presence of elevated levels of human chorionic gonadotropin; also referred to as a theca luteal cyst

A

theca lutein cysts

144
Q

Benign ovarian sex cord–stromal tumor that produces estrogen in older women

A

thecoma

145
Q

Denotes the sonographic appearance of a cystic teratoma (dermoid) when only the anterior element of the mass is seen, while the greater part of the mass is obscured by shadowing

A

Tip of the iceberg sign

146
Q

An indicator of the torsed ovarian pedicle adjacent to the ovary, appearing as a round mass with concentric hypoechoic and hyperechoic rings that demonstrates a swirling color Doppler signature

A

“whirlpool” sign

147
Q

The most common cause of abnormal uterine bleeding in women, with the upper limit endometrial thickness of 14 mm in premenopausal woman, 10 mm in women on tamoxifen, and 8 mm in postmenopausal women

A

Endometrial Hyperplasia

148
Q

Excessive growth of the endometrium

A

endometrial hyperplasia

149
Q

Adhesions of the endometrium that
develop as a result of trauma to the uterine lining

A

Asherman syndrome/Synechiae

150
Q

Rupture of a uterine scar causing separation of the uterine myometrium with an intact peritoneum

A

Uterine Dehiscence

151
Q

Collection of blood, because of trauma or a disease process, within an organ or potential space

A

Hematoma

152
Q

A pocket of lymph fluid resulting from some type of trauma to the lymph vessels within the pelvis

A

Lymphocele

153
Q

Inflammation of the appendix

A

Appendicitis

154
Q

Area of pain when appendicitis is present

A

Mcburney point

155
Q

The most common androgen disorder and is associated with obesity, amenorrhea, anovulation, hirsutism, and infertility

A

Polycystic ovarian syndrome

156
Q

Most common germ cell tumor of the pelvis

A

Benign Cystic Teratoma

157
Q

The most common type of benign cystic ovarian tumor

A

cystadenoma

158
Q

Least common malignant ovarian cancer.

A

Androblastoma

159
Q

Term that describes ectopic endometrial tissue

A

endometriosis

160
Q

How do the fallopain tube and ovary image with acute tubo-ovarian complex?

A

Ill defined with a large adhered ovary

161
Q

Risk factor associated with endometrial cancer.

A

Unopposed estrogen

162
Q

Malignant ovarian tumor that is the result of metastasis to the ovary.

A

Krukenberg tumor

163
Q

complication of endometriosis

A

endometrioma

164
Q

drug that increases the risk of endometrial cancer.

A

Tamoxifen

165
Q

karyotype seen with a partial mole.

A

69xxx

166
Q

least common gynecology malignancy.

A

Fallopian tube carcinoma

167
Q

ovarian cyst that occurs with one-fourth of patients with placental trophoblastic disease.

A

theca lutein

168
Q

Tamoxaphin therapy for breast cancer raises the risks of

A

leiomyosarcoma development

169
Q

extensive chorionic villi invasion is characteristic of

A

invasive mole

170
Q

Which form of ovarian cancer demonstrated prominent color doppler flow in septations

A

Epithelial

171
Q

neoplasm is associated with gonadal dysgenesis

A

dysgerminoma

172
Q

Increases a womans risk for developing ovarian cancer

A

15 year history of postmenopausal estrogen therapy

173
Q

sonographic finding for uterine sarcomas

A

Rapidly growing heterogeneous mass

174
Q

tumor marker for colon, stomach, breast or ovarian carcinoma

A

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

175
Q

implantation of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus

A

endometriosis

176
Q

Mucinous material accumulation within the peritoneal cavity

A

pseudomyxoma peritonel

177
Q

used to help stage endometrial carcinoma

A

Involvement of the cervix

178
Q

Infection by HPV is the largest cause of:

A

cervical cancer

179
Q

Invasive mole is a form of hydatidiform mole that invades the

A

myometrium

180
Q

most common clinical presentation of endometrial adenocarcinoma is

A

uterine bleeding

181
Q

A malignant uterine tumor that is composed of smooth muscle cells and fibrous connective tissue is

A

leiomyosarcoma

182
Q

Neoplasm involving the surface epithelium of the ovary is:

A

epithelial ovarian cancer

OB (5 decks)

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