Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OB > OB II Chapter 26, 27 and 28 > Flashcards

OB II Chapter 26, 27 and 28 Flashcards

1
Q

Serous fluid accumulation in a body cavity such as the scrotum

A

hydrocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Representing two genders

A

Dysmorphism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Underdevelopment or imcomplete development of a body part

A

Potter Sequence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Complete absence of a body part

A

Aplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Type of kidney where the upper poles fuse, resulting in an appearance similar to a horseshoe

A

Horseshoe kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Congenital disorder of the urinary system resulting in the absence of the abdominal muscles, undescended testicles, and urinary tract problems

A

Prune belly syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Dilation of the renal pelvices and calices, usually caused by obstruction

A

Hydronephrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Obstructing membrane in the male urethra located posteriorly because of abnormal urethral development

A

Posterior urethral valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dilation of the renal calices

A

Caliectasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In the first trimester, fetal kidneys appear ____________ to the surrounding anatomy

A

isoechoic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When the second trimester fetal renals are difficult to visualize, what method will assist in imaging them?

A

Color and /or power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The fetal bladder should be visualized by:

A

11 to 13 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The fetal bladder fills and voids approximately once every:

A

60 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bladder wall thickness cannot be visualized clearly without

A

the bladder being distended

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Oligohydramnios is defined as an amniotic fluid volume of less than ______ cc, as indicated by a maximum vertical pocket (MVP) of less than 2 cm or an amniotic fluid index (AFI) of less than ________ cm on ultrasound

A

500, 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

_____________ is a condition that a fetus has pulmonary hypoplasia secondary to oligohydramnios, typically because of renal failure

A

Potter syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In the case of the unilateral agenesis, the existing kidney is invariably larger than in a fetus with two kidneys because of:

A

Compensatory hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Renal ectopia is a condition where,

A

a kidney is positioned outside of the renal fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Severe fetal hydronephrosis is an APRPD over:

A

15 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The prognosis is poor for a fetus with:

A

bilateral hydronephrosis
pulmonary hypoplasia
bladder obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Megaureter is diagnosed when the ureter measures greater than:

A

7 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A ureterocele is mostly associated with:

A

A duplicated collecting system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Predominantly female renal and/or bladder anomalies include:

A

polycystic kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Causes of UPJ include:

A

ureteral kinks
peripelvic adhesions
aberrant renal vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Metablastic nephromas are mostly related to

A

polyhydramnios

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The fetal adrenals are best imaged in the:

A

third trimester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Type of kidney that causes hypertension

A

pelvic kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Abnormal shortening of the middle portion of a limb

A

mesomelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

shortening of the most proximal portion of a fetal limb

A

rhizomelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

abnormally sort limb

A

micromelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

flattened vertebral bodies with a decreased distance between the endplates

A

platyspondyly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Fusion of soft tissue or body segments of fetal digits

A

syndactyly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

shortening of the most distal portion of a fetal limb

A

acromelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Condition of having more than the normal number of digits on a hand or foot

A

polydactyly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

abnormal position of the fetal foot and ankle

A

Talipes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

The epiphyseal regions of the femur and tibia can be seen sonographically between _________ and __________ weeks

A

32nd and 35th

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Then normal fetal hand should be viewed in

A

both flexion and extension positions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

A short limb dysplasia affecting the humerus is:

A

rhizomelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Shortening of the entire limb is known as:

A

micromelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

An abnormally small lower jaw

A

micrognathia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

A type of skeletal dysplasia demonstrating sonographically as a narrow bell-shaped thorax is most likely:

A

pulmonary hypoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Characteristics of rhizomelic limb bowing, frontal bossing, a low nasal bridge, a “trident” configuration of the hand, macrocephaly, and hydrocephaly may be noted with:

A

Achondroplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Central polydactyly affects the:

A

Three middle digits of the hand

44
Q

The absence of one or more hands is:

A

apodia

45
Q

Holt-Oram syndrome demonstrates abnormalities of the skeletal system and:

A

cardiac system

46
Q

Amniotic band sequence is believed to be related to:

A

Cleft lip/palate
ectopia cordis
amputation

47
Q

The mermaid syndrome is rare and lethal and also known as:

A

sirenomelia

48
Q

Congenital hypophosphatasia is an inherited disease related to:

A

defective bone mineralization

49
Q

Maternal hyperthyroidism contributes to:

A

craniosynostosis

50
Q

What is the most likely cause of digit and limb amputation?

A

Amniotic bands

51
Q

The most common cause of skeletal deformities is:

A

toxic agents

52
Q

Low fluid surrounding the fetus

A

Oligohydramnios

53
Q

Abnormally high level of circulating carbon dioxide

A

Hypercapnia

54
Q

Reduced blood oxygen levels

A

Hypoxemia

55
Q

Prenatal testing including only the NST and AFI

A

Modified biophysical profile

56
Q

Intravenous injection of oxytocin causing the uterus to contract. Monitoring of the fetal reaction to to uterine contractions aims to determine how the fetus reacts to environmental stress

A

Oxytocin challenge test (OCT)

57
Q

Amount of fluid within the amniotic sac surrounding the fetus. The AFI is an estimate of this amount.

A

Amniotic fluid volume (AFV)

58
Q

Monitoring of fetal activity to include breathing movements, discrete movements, tone, and fluid surrounding the fetus accompanied by a NST

A

Biophysical profile

59
Q

Technique of concurrently recording the fetal heart beat and contractions

A

cardiotocographic (CTG)

60
Q

Decrease in oxygen content of the blood accompanied by an increase in carbon dioxide

A

Asphyxia

61
Q

Electronic fetal heart monitoring is performed by:

A

OCT

62
Q

To pass the fetal breathing portion of a BPP, the fetus must exhibit:

A

at least one episode of sustained fetal breathing of at least 30 seconds duration within a 30 minute span

63
Q

Fetal movements in pregnancy imply normalcy of the fetal:

A

CNS

64
Q

Fetal movements of the trunk, large limbs, swallowing, face and hands are categorized as:

A

gross body movements

65
Q

AFI is determined by:

A

Measuring four quadrants in the deepest vertical pocket and totaling the values

66
Q

A normal BPP score is 8 or 10, and fetal compromise is likely with a score of

A

4 or less

67
Q

Acceleration is defined as:

A

Increase in the fetal heart rate over the baseline of at least 15 beats per minute, and lasting at least 15 seconds associated with fetal movement

68
Q

Startle means:

A

quick, generalized movement always initiated in limbs and sometimes spreading to neck and trunk

69
Q

Normal fetal tone is:

A

At least one episode of extension of extremities with return to position of flexion, is visualized in a 30-minute observation period

70
Q

An AFI plus an NST is known as:

A

Modified BPP

71
Q

Regular patterns of fetal breathing are defined as:

A

40 to 60 breaths per minute

72
Q

BPP, AFI, and NST testing typically occurs :

A

Once weekly

73
Q

Independent limb movements occur at:

A

weeks 10 to 12

74
Q

Fetal movement is mostly related to:

A

Maturation of the CNS

75
Q

Fetal breathing can be gauged with a real-time scanner by viewing the fetal abdomen in a longitudinal fashion, as well as by observing:

A

caudal- cephlad kidney movement

76
Q

Congenital anomaly where the urinary bladder extends through a ventral wall defect.

A

Bladder extrophy

77
Q

Normal hypoechoic structures seen within the kidneys

A

Medullary pyramids

78
Q

Nonhereditary form of polycystic kidney disease

A

autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

79
Q

Dilatation of the vagina seen in the female fetus

A

Hydrocolpos

80
Q

What scanning angle avoids artificial limb shortening when performing biometry?

A

Perpendicular

81
Q

Term describing fetal blood pH less than 7

A

Acidosis

82
Q

What is the maximum score a sonographer can give on a biophysical profile

A

8

83
Q

How can the sonographer avoid mistaking the fetal heart movement for breathing?

A

Image the diaphragm on the sagittal plane

84
Q

What is the first sonographically observed biophysical change seen with fetal hypoxia?

A

Heart rate reactivity

85
Q

The most common fetal malformation involves the_____________ system

A

genitournary

86
Q

In a transverse plane, fetal kidneys are ________ shaped

A

oval

87
Q

The ____________arteries will assist in locating the fetal bladder

A

umbilical

88
Q

Kidney located on the opposite side from which the ureter inserts into the bladder.

A

Crossed renal ectopia

89
Q

Congenital absence of one or both kidneys

A

renal agenesis

90
Q

Most common renal fusion anomaly

A

Horseshoe

91
Q

Most common cause of congenital obstructive hydronephrosis

A

UPJ obstruction

92
Q

Failure of the testes to complete the migratory descent into the scrotum

A

cryptorchidism

93
Q

Dilated bladder

A

megacystitis

94
Q

The premature fusion of one or several cranial sutures is

A

craniosynostosis

95
Q

clubfoot is frequently caused by_____________ or other conditions that limit fetal movement

A

oligohydramnios

96
Q

Achondrogenesis is lethal because of_________________

A

pulmonary hypoplasia

97
Q

The femur bone may resemble the ____________ bone on sonography

A

humeral

98
Q

The most severe form of OI is Type

A

2

99
Q

Monitoring the fetus in the second and third trimesters can be performed by the mother in the way of

A

kick counts

100
Q

The first maternal perception of fetal movement is known as:

A

quickening

101
Q

AFI is determined by measuring depth of fluid of ___________ quadrants

A

four

102
Q

Amniotic fluid cannot be measured in a pocket that contains

A

umbilical cord

103
Q

Fetal movement is usually noted by the mother at ____________ weeks

A

16 to 20

104
Q

Irregular slow fetal breathing involves ___________ breaths per minute

A

6 to 20

105
Q

Rhythmic burst of regular jaw opening and closing at the rate of about one per second suggest ___________ activity

A

swallowing

106
Q

The ___________ plane through the fetal chest best demonstrates fetal breathing

A

sagittal

107
Q

NST that did not respond as expected to the allotted time span

A

nonreactive NST

OB (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions